Tuesday, September 25, 2007

Planning your trip to Denmark

Entry Requirements

Americans and Canadians need only a valid passportto enter Denmark, and are entitled to stay forup to three months without a visa. (This includes thetotal amount of time spent in Denmark, Finland,Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in any six-month period.)

Making Travel Plans - Selecting Your Hotel

Really, Copenhagen doesn’t have the best choice ofhotels. Very few have opened in recent years, andmost of those are expensive. Of the city’s older properties,there are just two five-star hotels, an array offour-stars of varying quality, and a number of threestarhotels; many of the latter are clustered in thestreets to the side of the railway station, a neighborhoodthat is not always pleasant. In general, pricesare high – there are few bargains to be found, and, asis standard in Scandinavia, the rooms are often onthe small side. Our price scale is based on a doubleroom, double occupancy, and reflects the highestlisted rate at the time of publication as quoted byHORESTA(see The Star System, below). But this isonly an estimate, and rates can be reduced by asmuch as 50% at various times.

The Star System

Since 1997, all hotels that are members of the Associationof the Hotel, Restaurant and TourismIndustry in Denmark (HORESTA), and have morethan eight rooms, have been classified on a scale ofone to five stars, based on specific criteria. Visit theHORESTA website, www.danishhotels.dk, to lookfor special rates, for information about hotel groups,and to view the criteria used in classification. A HotelGuide is also available from any Danish TouristBoard office, www.visitdenmark.com.

The Copenhagen Card

You can purchase the very useful Copenhagen Card.This discount card offers unlimited travel on busesand trains in metropolitan Copenhagen and to manyneighboring towns and cities; free admission to majormuseums and sights in and around the city; andup to a 50% discount on ferry routes connecting Zealandwith Sweden and on hydrofoils between Copenhagenand Malmö. You can purchase a card that isvalid for one day (DKK 155), for two days (DKK 255),or for three days (DKK 320); cards for children under12 are available at a 50% discount. For more information,www.visitcopenhagen.dk.

Stay & Eat With The Locals

MEET THE DANES
Nyhavn, 65
Tel: 33-46-46-46, fax 33-46-46-47
www.meetthedanes.com, info@meetthedanes.dk

Housed in authentic 17th-century offices at Nyhavn,this organization can help you book hotel and private accommodation, either in advance or after you arrive in Copenhagen. The group also offers, among other things, cultural lectures, dinners in private homes, and walking, cycling and sailing tours. From May 1 to mid-September, open Monday to Sunday, 9 am to 9 pm; the rest of the year, open Monday to Friday, 9 am to 6 pm; Saturday and Sunday, 10 am to 4 pm; and on holidays, 10 am to 7 pm.

What To Wear in Copenhagen

Casual clothes are appropriate for nearly every occasionin Copenhagen, including theater and most restaurants.Only in top-class hotels, restaurants andclubs, and then not uniformly, will men be requiredto wear a tie in the evening; in these establishments,women do not look out of place in something dressy.Summer evenings are long and light, but often chilly,so a sweater or cardigan is essential. Bring alightweight overcoat or raincoat, too, in additionto ordinary summer clothes – the weather has anawkward habit of changing unexpectedly. On the beach, you can go as bare as you like.Spring and autumn have many hours of sunshine,but cooler temperatures; and winter can be downrightcold. Pack plenty of warm clothes in those seasons,plus a raincoat. Comfortable walking shoes areessential at any time of year, as it is certain you willspend a good deal of time on foot, especially in Copenhagen.

Electricity in Denmark

Electric current in Denmark is 220 volts, 50Hz AC,and requires standard two-pin, round continentalplugs. Remember to get an adapter set before leavinghome, or at the airport.

Thursday, January 04, 2007

Places to See in Zurich

The grossmünster
The tall twin towers of Great Minster dominate the Zurich skyline. It was from this place that the humanist Ulrich Zwingli preached the Reformation.

Address: Grossmünsterplatz
Station: Rathaus , 4/15
Tel: +41 442525949
www.kirche-zh.ch

St. Peters Church
The largest clock in europe is situated on the tower of St. Peters church and it has a diameter of 8.7 meters.

Address: St. Peter-Hofstatt
Station: Rathaus
Tel: +41 442112588
www.st-peter-zh.ch

Kunsthaus

Switzerland’s greatest art gallery contains several important works of art ranging from medieval religious paintings and old Dutch masters to impressionist and post-impressionist paintings. contains paintings by Van Gogh, Picasso, chagall and Monet.

Address: Heimplatz 1
Station: Kunsthaus
Tel: +41 442538484
www.kunsthaus.ch

Le Corbusier haus

One of the last projects designed by the famous architect before his death in 1965 is home for a graphic art museum.

Address: Höschgasse 8
Station: Höschgasse
Tel: +41 443836470
www.centre-lecorbusier.com

Chinagarten

The chinese garden was given to the city as a gift from the chinese town, Kunming, which is twinned with Zurich. The garden contains several plants and ornaments typical of the chinese art of creating a garden.

Address: Bellerivestrasse
Station: Chinagarten, tram 2 and 4, bus 33, 912 and 916.
www.chinagarten.ch

Zurichsee

This stunningly beautiful l lake stretches an amazing 40 kilometres from Zurich to the foot of the Glarner Alps. Daytrip boats give tourists a possibility to explore several villages and towns along the lakeshore. Main landing in Zurich is at Burkliplatz. contact Zurich Schiffahrtsgesellschaft
Meeting place: Bürliplatz

Tel: +41 444871333
www.zsg.ch

Zürich

General Information

Population:

350,000 inhabitants.

Currency :
1 Swiss franc = 100 Rappen

Opening hours:
Most shops are open Monday to Friday from 9am to 6.30pm. The opening hours on Saturday are
8.30am to 5pm.

Emergency number:
Ambulance 144
Police 117
Fire Brigade 118

Tourist office
Zurich Tourism
At Main Train Station
Tel: +41 442154000
www.zuerich.com
In the summer, tourist informationis open Monday to Saturday from 8am to 8.30pm and from 8.30am to 6.30pm on Sundays. From November 1st until April 30th the closing hours is 7pm during the week and 6.30pm on Sundays.

The charming metropolis, Zürich Downtown Switzerland, offers first-class quality of life. Zürich is distinguished by its unparalleled selection of stores lining the world-famous shopping mile, the Bahnhofstrasse, not to mention its broad choice of leisure activities. Numerous gastronomic establishments in the surrounding region pamper food lovers with all manner of culinary delights. After dark, some 500 bars and clubs provide a wide variety of entertainment. Zürich is also the ideal departure point for all kinds of excursions, such as to the Rhine Falls, a chocolate factory, or the snow and perpetual ice on the Titlis mountain.


The River Limmat divides the city of Zurich into two distinct halves and it makes more sense to speak about the two banks rather than the new town / old town split. Niederdorf on the east bank is full of shops and cafés and is also home to the twin towers of the Grossmunster and the grandiose architecture of the university. The west bank is the old part of town which is centred around the Lindenhof area where the streets are characterised by fashion outlets and offices. The beautiful spires of St. Peters church and the Fraumunster church decorated by Marc chagall are nearby as well. The curving Bahnhofstrasse follows the course of the ancient

city walls and is one of europe’s most prestigious shopping streets. As Switzerland has cultivated a stability and neutrality during both World Wars, the country has built up a reputation for its banking system which for decades has been one of Zurich’s biggest industries. It is also for these reasons that today the stock market in Zurich is the fourth biggest in the world.

Saturday, November 25, 2006

What to Do Villach


Special Tours

Villach Alpine Highway * * * * *
10-mile road southwest of Villach, s (04) 242- 24-44.

This modern mountain road traverses wooded areas and contours across the rugged face of the Dobstrach massif. Marked turnouts offer breathtaking views of the Gail Valley and Julian Alps to the south. Turnout numbers 2, 5 and 6 offer particularly beautiful vistas. Near Turnout 6 is an Alpine botanical garden, open mid-June through Aug. daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. At the roadway's end, a chair lift carries hikers from 5682 ft. (1731 m)to a spot near the summit 7107 ft. (2166 m). From the lift, continue on foot, but be prepared for a high-altitude, two-hour walk. Your reward at the hike's end is a stunning panorama that includes the jewellike Carinthian lakes.

Where to Eat in Villach

Bleibergerhof *****
Moderate
Bleibergerhof. South of Villach on Route 86, Untere Fellach.
Tel: (04) 244-2205-0.
Specialties: Game, beef, veal, freshwater fish.

Reservations required. Jacket at lunch, jacket and tie at dinner. Reached by car or bus from Villach, this restaurant is a hidden delight that is considered one of the top establishments in Austria. Known for its impeccable service amid tasteful surroundings, it serves both international and Carinthian specialties. The ever-changing menu contains soups, light first courses, and a variety of meat and game dishes. The wine list offers vintages from around the world.


Postillion *****
Moderate to Expensive
Hauptplatz 26. (In the pedestrian zone.)
Tel: (04) 242-26101.
Specialties: Venison pates, stews and soups, boiled beef, schnitzels.
Credit Cards: V, MC, DC, A.
Outside dining, own baking, reservations required.

With recipes adapted from cuisine served to aristocracy in the 1800s, this hotel restaurant transports guests to another era. Famous in the region for its venison, it prepares an array of specialties dressed with cheeses, butter and cream. Those more health-conscious should consider the selections of lighter fare. In July and August, guests can be seated on the flower-filled courtyard, where piano music and candlelight create a special atmosphere.

Where to Stay in Villach

Romantik Hotel Post * * * * *
http://www.romantik-hotel.com/
Moderate
Hauptplatz 26. In the Pedestrian zone, old town.
Tel: (04) 242-26101.
Credit Cards: MC, DC, A.

Secluded garden atmosphere, sauna, balcony or patio, in-room minibars, fitness center.Once the town palace of one of the richest families in Carinthia, this hotel still retains its regal air, with vaulted ceilings, an arcaded courtyard and a baronial fireplace. The exterior is extravagantly decorated with stone columns, carvings and wrought iron. Built in 1500, the manor has played host to kings and archdukes as well as an empress. There are 76 rooms and one suite; all have elegant decor plus sitting area, satellite TV, tile or marble bath (half without tub).


Warmbaderhof *****
http://www.warmbad.at/englisch/ index.htm
Expensive
Kadischenallee. "^ Two and one-half miles south of Villach.
Tel: (04) 242-30010.
Credit Cards: V, MC, DC, A

Taking "the cure" draws many to the Warmbad-Villach area, and this 100-year-old hotel provides a comfortable retreat. Set in flowering gardens, south of Villach, the hotel has its own indoor swimming pool, housed in a large vaulted building, plus covered passageways that lead to the warm springs. Accommodations include 116 rooms and 12 suites, most in the hotel's modern wing; all are pleasantly furnished and have satellite TV, combination bath, robes. The hotel offers walking tours of the town and evening dances on its outdoors terrace. Closed one week in Dec.

Villach (Austria)

This bustling town serves as a railway junction linking Carinthia to Italy and Slovenia. Straddling the River Drau, Villach is within easy driving distance of Lake Ossiach, Spittal and Velden. In July and August, Villach hosts the Cannthian Summer Festival. Nearby Warmbad offers radon-laced thermal baths for those seeking "the cure." Situated in serene gardens in the center of Warmbad, the Warmbaderhof is the largest of the hotels in the area and exudes an air of quiet comfort.

What to Do in Carinthia

Magdalensberg *****
http://www.landesmuseum-ktn.at/ magdalensberg.htm
Category : Inexpensive
Address : Outside St. Viet an der Glan South of St. Viet, north ofKlagenfurt on
Route 83. W (04) 224- 2555.
Special Hours: Open from May through Oct.

Long before the Hapsburg Empire rose to power, Austria was a part of the vast Roman Empire. Magdalensburg is considered the oldest Roman settlement north of the Alps. Romans occupied this site the last century before Christ, and today excavations have revealed a Roman villa (complete with central heating), public baths, temples and a forum. Admission.

Neuer Plato *****
Category :Free
Address : Neuer Platz. Near the Town Hall, New Town.
Tel : (04) 63-53-72-23.

Don't miss seeing the Lindwurm, or Dragon Fountain, that dominates the square. Carved by Ulrich Vogelsang in about 1590 from a single block of grey schist, this snarling beast is the heraldic emblem of the city. The tale goes that Klagenfurt was built on a swamp favored by the dragon, and safety was finally ensured once the creature was slain.

Where to Stay in Carinthia


Hotels and Resorts


Romantik-Hotel Musil * * * * *

Category : Expensive
Address : Oktober Strasse 14. Town center, near Neuer Platz.
Tel : (04) 63-51-16-60.
Credit Cards: V, MC, DC, A.
Balcony or patio, in-room minibars.

Comments : Pricey but intimate (some say a bit dusty), this small hotel has earned its reputation, and rooms are booked months in advance. Located in the heart of town, the building features an oval courtyard with inward-facing balconies. The 16 rooms are unique, the eclectic decor includes Baroque, Biedermeier and rustic furnishings. Each has bath and TV with hookup to BBC news.

Schloss Hotel Worthersee * * * * *

Category : Inexpensive to Moderate
Address :Villacher Strasse 338. Head west from the center for 2 miles toward
Villach.
Tel : (04) 63-21158.
Credit Cards: V, MC, DC, A.
Beach location, water sports, balcony or patio.

Built as a private villa in 1845, this hotel features a tunnel that leads to a private beach and shoreline promenade on the eastern banks of Lake Worther. The yellow mansion is trimmed with ornate woodwork and has jutting towers and balconies. Inside, the 29 rooms and five suites are modern and well-ftirnished; the best views, of course, are from those overlooking the lake. The hotel has its own dinner restaurant, a bar and a cafe. Closed Jan.

Bistro Musil * * * * *

Category : Moderate
Address : Oktober Strasse 14, W (04) 63-51-16-60.
Credit Cards: V, MC, DC, A.

Dine by candlelight in this locally popular hotel where Klagenfurters come to celebrate. Owner Bernhard Musil has been named the top pastry chef in central Europe, so be sure to try out the luscious desserts and sweets. Regional favorites, such as calves' brains and venison medallions, are served along with fresh fish.

Cafe Moser Verdino * * * * *

Category : Inexpensive
Address : Domgasse 2. North of Domkirch. Located at Moser Verdino.
Tel : (04) 62-57878.
Specialties: Pastries, light meals, snacks, coffee, wine, beer.

Cafestop, own baking, reservations not accepted. Not the oldest, but certainly a favorite with residents, who stop by for espresso and dazzling pastries. This unpretentious cafe is decorated with framed lithos and filled with marble, brass accents and lots of plush, upholstered furnishings.

Strohschein's Heuriger ****

Category : Moderate
Address :Villacher Strasse 338.
Head west toward Villach. Located at Schloss
Worthersee.
Tel : (04) 63-21158.
Specialties: Lamb, fish, beef.
Credit Cards: V, MC, DC, A.
Closed: Sun.

Reservations recommended, jacket required. This formal restaurant's kitchens are supervised by the hotel's family owner, and the menu features regional dishes served with elegance and flair. The six-course fixed-price dinner is a superb way to tour the tastes of Carinthia. Desserts are extravagant and well worth the splurge.

Ratings on Hotels (in US$)
-------------------------------

Category

Very Expensive: @$300+ per night, double occupancy
Expensive: @$200+ per night, double occupancy
Moderate: @$125-$200 per night, double occupancy
Budget: @$50-$125 per night, double occupancy

Restaurants and Other Dining Establishments

Very Expensive: $150+, dinner for two not including wine or dessert
Expensive: $100+, dinner for two not including wine or dessert
Moderate: $50-$75, dinner for two not including wine or dessert
Inexpensive: $25-$50, dinner for two not including wine or dessert


Refer to the following quality chart when making your selection:

**** Extraordinary
*** Very good
** Good
* Very basic, good value

Friday, November 24, 2006

Carinthia (Austria)

Klagenfurt

This is the provincial capital of Carinthia, the region that borders Italy and Slovenia. Carinthia's sunny weather and numerous lakes make it a summer tourist center, though it seems to be visited little by North Americans. Known for its rings of streets along its former city walls (the walls were destroyed in 1809 during Napoleonic invasions), Klagenfurt lies near Lake Worther, a popular place for water sports.

Restaurants in Austria

I am providing the listings which include samplings of Restaurants in a variety of price ranges, with an emphasis on the unique or special. A night's stay at a renovated castle, cloister or former brewery will make your trip especially memorable. Throughout Austria, most prices include breakfast. During the winter, ski resorts and snow-destination hotels often include "half-board" rates in their prices. Some resort hotels require half-board when you book three days or more. Guests are provided with breakfast and either lunch or dinner in the Restaurants dining rooms. This practice is reflected in serving times at nearby nonhotel restaurants—many are not open for lunch.


Food and Drink

Each region has its specialty, with influences coming from Italy, Slovenia and Germany. Much of traditional Austrian food relies on simplicity—meat schnitzels (cutlets) are served with salads and potatoes, sometimes with soups beforehand. Tafelspitz, or boiled beef, is the most well known national specialty, although, if you are after something more unusual, you could try the Styrian specialty, bloodand- liver sausages. Game and fish are often prepared using old aristocratic recipes. The more famous Austrian chefs have taken theseold dishes and interpreted them in new exciting ways. From the most exclusive elegant dining room to the smallest stube or gasthof, there's much to enjoy.

Tip : IF YOU FIND YOURSELF TRAVELLING THROUGH THE BUCOLIC AUSTRIAN COUNTRYSIDE (OR OUTSIDE THE CITY IN ANY COUNTRY, FOR THAT MATTER), LET THE LOCALS BE YOUR CULINARY GUIDE. VERY OFTEN, THEY WILL INTRODUCE YOU TO LOCAL DELICACIES AND DISHES THAT YOU WOULD NEVER HAVE THE OPPURTUNITY TO TRY IN THE CITY.

And don't forget dessert—Austria is noted for its pastries, chocolates and cakes. Each afternoon, most citizens take a break, stopping at cafes or small sweet shops for a pastry served with coffee. Sachertorte is a staggeringly delicious, dense chocolate covered cake and is not to be missed (especially if you can get it at the Cafe Sacher in Vienna). The apple strudel is an absolute must, as is the Salzbttrger Nockerln (a souffle heaped to resemble the three mountains surrounding Salzburg). Coffee is served in any conceivable concoction; espresso lovers will believe they are in paradise.

Vineyards and breweries keep Austrians well supplied with an array of wines and beers. Klosterneuburger is perhaps the best white wine. Other choices include the popular Gumpoldskirchern and Welschrieslinjj. Red wines include Bluer, Protuffieser and Zweigelt.

In Vienna and Lower Austria, take time to visit a heuriger, or "new wine" garden. Found principally in Grinzing and other regions near the Vienna Woods, these establishments sell "new wines" made from the grapes of the current year. These full-bodied, potent wines were beloved by Joseph II. A trip to one of these family-owned taverns is a must for anyone who appreciates wines.

Of the beers, Gosser Brau is a rich brew made in Styria. It's fullbodied and fine, available in light or dark. Schwechater is tops in Vienna. Imported liquors are often exorbitantly priced,but local schnapps and fruited brandies can be found at prices that won't hit your wallet too hard. On the ski slopes, schnapps (often flavored with fruit juices or spices) warms up chilled bones. Finally, popular— especially in Vienna—bowk is a delicious summer punch made of cognac, white wine, champagne or curacao and fresh fruits, served from a bowl.

Tipping

For the waiter (the person who serves you, not the headwaiter), 5 percent extra above your total; bartender, 10 percent of the drink cost; hotel housekeeper, $5 per night; washroom attendant, $2; taxi driver, 10 percent of fare; doorman, $1; porter and bellhop, $2-$5.

Telephone

The international access code for both the United States and Canada is 001, followed by the area code and seven-digit local number. To telephone Austria, dial 43; time difference (Eastern Daylight) plus 6 hours.

Transportation in Austria

Airlines

With change sweeping away old borders throughout Europe, Austria has become an important airport hub. Since 1989, Austrian Airlines (toll-free W (800) 843-3002 http:// www.aua.com/) has offered nonstop service from New York or Chicago to Vienna. Although flight schedules vary, many U.S. carriers require passengers to change planes in London or Frankfurt.

International carriers, such as Lufthansa and British Airways, also feature extensive Austrian service. Inside Austria, its national airline provides service throughout the country, Europe and points beyond. Austrian Air Services (a subsidiary of Austrian Airlines) and Tyrolean Airways (jointly owned by the national carrier) link Austria's cities.

Trains

Comprehensive service, efficient schedules and competitive fares make train travel the hands-down choice for thousands of Austrians and visitors alike. If you don't want to drive, the trains will carry you almost anywhere in Austria, plus the schedules are designed to mesh with bus lines, cable cars, and even boat tours. Eurail Passes (http:// www.eurail.com/)are valid in Austria, and senior citizens (women over 60, men over 65) can ride at 50 percent reduction in first- or second-class. Cars and bicycles can be rented through rail agents, and returned when you're finished at a dozen Austrian stations.

Bus

Bus lines maintain service over 19,000 miles of roads, linking rail stations with outlying villages. Buses ferry passengers (plus their luggage and ski equipment) from the valley floor to the loftier ski resorts and alpine hamlets. Discounts for children are substantial.

Taxis

In the cities, taxis are designated by official seals on the taxi meters. Surcharges are to be posted in the vehicle, and supplements are charged for luggage stowed in the trunk. Set charges are the rule in many resort areas.

Driving and Roads

Austria is easily accessible by car. Main roads are hard-surfaced, and four-lane autobahns link Salzburg and Vienna, while a six-lane autobahn links Vienna with Ediltz. Mountain driving is the main challenge, with steep gradients (6 to 16 percent, or even more). Although the impressive Arlberg tunnel (nearly 9 miles long) makes it easier to reach ski destinations, even if you are an experienced alpine driver, you may want to take the train or bus to reach points at higher elevations.

Car Rental

To rent a car, present a valid driver's license, your passport—and for convenience—a major credit card. BUT YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT CAR RENTALS ARE SUBJECT TO A WHOPPING TAX, AS HIGH AS 21.2 PERCENT. In addition, you must figure in airport surcharges (6 percent for any car rented at a municipal airport). When shopping for rates, make sure you know whether the price includes all applicable taxes. Budget-Rent-A-Car, Avis, and Hertz all offer vehicles in Austria. For about $21 a day (added to the rental costs), you can purchase a "loss-damage-waiver" that allows you to waive all financial responsibility for eventual damage to your car, even if you are at fault. Drivers who pass up this coverage may be liable for up to the full value of the car in the event of an accident. Some credit cards offer loss-damage-waivers as a benefit, which could create a savings for you. The best advice is to plan your car-rental strategy well in advance.

Boats

Touring Austria by boat is a splendid way to take in the scenery. Cruising the Danube can be accomplished by luxury craft, steamship, or ferry. Enjoy a seven-day tour, a riverboat shuttle or an evening dinner cruise. Other possibilities include trips on the Rhine, the Drau, or on one of Austria's lakes. For luxury cruises on the Danube, contact Europamerica Cruises, toll-free (800) 221-4770 http://www.deilmann-cruises.com/). For excursions on Lake Constance, Tel:(05574) 42868. Lake Wolfgang and its sights are linked by the Austrian Federal Railway boat system; (06138) 2231.

Bicycles

Bicycle touring through the cities on miles of designated paths is a great way to see the country. From the beginning of April until November, you can rent bikes and procure passes to take your bike on most trains (the bikes ride in a special car). The cost is under $10 a day, with substantial reductions if you're taking the train to your destination. Rented bikes can be returned to almost any train station, simplifying the logistics.

Arts and Cultural Events in Austria

Music and Austria have been intertwined for centuries. Vienna is the birthplace of the waltz, and Salzburg is the ancestral home of Mozart. Austria's musical contributions to the world

include the vast repertoires of Schubert, Strauss, Haydn and Wagner, to name
only a few. Today the country is filled with musical festivals, from the renowned Salzburg Festival to countless music weekends held in small villages at the height of summer. Visiting Austria without sampling its music is like leaving without enjoying an apple strudel.

The Salzburg Festival runs from late July to the end of August, and celebrates Mozart, Strauss, Verdi and others. The Festival brings together a splendid array of concerts, instrumental recitals, Mozart matinees, serenades, ballet and sacred music. Virtuosi, duets and chamber music groups perform in the numerous halls and salons nearby, often with several events happening at once. But you won't get into the top concerts or operas without confirmed reservations made well in advance. Tickets for headline events sell out a year ahead. Plan ahead, too, to attend the Easter or Whitsun festivals.

For comprehensive information on the Festival, write directly the box office, Salzburg Festival, P.O. Box 140, A-5010, Salzburg, Austria, (0662) 8045 rtittp://www.salzburgfestival.com/ index2.html). Don't forget that, during Festival time, lodging Salzburg is at a premium—if you can't get hotel reservations, you might find room in the surrounding suburbs. Or try writing Salzburg tourist information office(Mozartplatz 5, Salzburg, Austria, (0662) 846568) to find accommodations with a local family.

Vienna hosts its own Festival from mid-May to June, while Bregenz has a July Festival that features performances on a gigantic floating stage on Lake Constance. Graz comes into its own during the Styrian autumn, featuring an arts festival with an avant-garde accent, while the area around Feldkirch honors Schubert with both spring and autumn festivals that draw famous performers from all across Europe. For information on these activities, consult the Austrian National Tourist Office, P.O. Box 1142, New York, NY 10108-1142, (212) 944-6880 (http: //www.austria-tourism.at/).

Outdoor Activities in Austria

Skiing, both downhill and cross-country, is synonymous with Austria. During winter, you also have your choice of ice-skating, curling and tobogganing, not to mention the romance of a horsedrawn sleigh ride. In the summer, visitors and residents alike hike, stroll, or ride on horseback or mountain bikes. Schools and instructors teach beginning and advanced techniques in almost any sport.


In Austria, challenging mountaineering treks are offered near all the major peaks, and almost every town and hamlet provides guided hikes and alpine tours. Golf and tennis are also popular. In the lake districts, trout fishing and water sports, such as swimming, sailing and windsurfing, prevail.

Austria - Europe's Charm


Austria has it all—sophistication, rustic simplicity, antiquities,
riches, excellent restaurants, music festivals, towering mountains, green valleys, flowers during the summer and world-famous snow during the long winter season.

Geographically, three-quarters of the country is covered with mountains. The Alps cut a curved swathe across Austria's face, sparing only sections in the south and eastern regions. Lush valleys flank the river courses, the most famous being the River Danube, Europe's longest. Austria's other rivers—the Inn, the 111, the Drau—as well as its many lakes also are extremely scenic.

Austria is bordered to the north by Germany, to the west by Switzerland and Liechtenstein, to the south by Italy, Slovenia (formerly part of Yugoslavia) and Hungary, and to the east by the Czech Republic. Austria itself is divided into nine regions or states:

Voralberg, Tyrol, Salzburg Land, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna, Burgenland, Styria and Carinthia.

In Austria Snow begins in late November and continues through May in the higher regions. Summer (which means from Easter to mid-October) brings warmer temperatures, with periodic rains.

High season depends on your itinerary. For skiers, peak times run from December through April. Many ski resorts and hotels close down during some or most of the warmer months. For Austria city touring, any time is fine, but beware that in July and August Salzburg is inundated
with music lovers who come each year to its famous festival. During all the major holidays (Christmas, New Year's, Easter weekend), throngs invade the cities and popular ski spots.

Off the beaten track, the smaller towns provide all the charm without the crush of people. Away from the major hubs, daily life retains its rustic rhythms, preserving old- world customs.

Saturday, November 18, 2006

Fifty Money - Saving Tips in Australia


GENERAL TRAVEL


1. Even if you never set foot in a youth hostel, an all-time great buy is membership in the Australian Youth Hostels Association (AYHA), or its U.S. counterpart, Hostelling International—American Youth Hostels. It entitles you to a huge array of discounts. See “Youth Hostels & Backpacker Lodges” in “Tips on Accommodations” later in this chapter.

2. Try to buy a discounted ticket.Many companies, particularly airline ticket consolidators (“bucket shops”) that buy tickets wholesale, and some Australian tour companies, offer discounts for booking direct with them, rather than through a travel agent, to whom they must pay commission. Do check with the travel agent, too, to make sure you’re getting the best deal, or if you have complex traveling needs.

3. When booking a hotel room at a major chain or renting a car from a major agency, be sure to ask whether you qualify for frequentflier miles. If you have acquired a load of frequent-flier miles, they may be redeemable for award travel, lodging, and other travel needs.

4. If you are a senior or student, ask about discounts at every chance— when booking your airfare, hotel, rental car, or sightseeing tour; buying theater tickets; or visiting museums or attractions.

5. Full-time students should arm themselves with an International Student Identity Card (ISIC), which offers substantial savings on rail passes, plane tickets, and entrance fees. It also provides you with basic health and life insurance and a 24-hour help line. The card is available for $22 from STA Travel (& 800/781-4040 in the U.S.—if you’re not in North America there’s probably a local number in your country; www.statravel.com), the biggest studenttravel agency in the world.

6. If you’re no longer a student but are still under 26, you can get an International Youth Travel Card (IYTC) for the same price from the same people, which entitles you to some discounts (but not on museum admissions).

7. Before you purchase travel insurance, check that you do not already have it as part of your credit card agreement or existing health insurance policy. Check to see if your current health insurance covers you fully for medical treatment and evacuation anywhere in the world and if your credit card company insures you against travel accidents if you buy plane, train, or bus tickets with its card (see “Health & Safety” later in this chapter). Your homeowner’s insurance should cover stolen luggage. However, if you have paid a large portion of your vacation expenses up front, it might be a good idea to buy trip cancellation insurance.

AIR TRAVEL

8. In terms of airfare, the off-season runs from mid-April to the end of August. This is not only the cheapest time to fly from America, but it’s also the best time to visit Australia! That’s because Down Under winter (June, July, and Aug), when the days are balmy and nice, is more pleasant than the too-hot summer (Dec, Jan, and Feb).

9. Traveling on certain days of the week can save you money. Monday-to-Thursday departures can shave an extra US$60 off your airfare.

10. Consider a package. Whether you opt for an independent or group tour, package deals are terrific values because they typically include airfare (usually from Los Angeles), decent accommodations, some or all meals, tours, transfers, and other extras. The per-day price of a package (including airfare) can work out to be about the same as a night’s accommodations in a midrange hotel.

11. Look for travel agents and consolidators specializing in cheap fares to Australia. See “Getting There” later in this chapter, for a list.

12. The quickest way between two points is not always the cheapest. Sometimes airlines and travel agents release spot specials for people prepared to travel via a lengthier route, or at short notice. If this is you, scour the travel sections of newspapers, and visit airline websites for the latest deals.

13. The cheapest fares are usually the ones with the most restrictions. With Qantas’s 21-day advance purchase fare, for example, you must pay for the ticket within 21 days after booking, stay at least a week, and no more than a month in Australia; you can’t make stopovers, and you cannot change the routing once you have paid for the ticket. For many people, these conditions are fine for the trip they are planning.

14. Flying within Australia is expensive—but not if you pre-purchase Qantas coupons. The coupons can cost less than half the regular fares. Only non-Australians can buy them, and you must buy them before you leave home.

15. Because air travel within Australia is so expensive, Qantas offers discounts of around 30% off regular fares for non-Australian passport holders. To obtain the discount, quote your passport number when booking your flight.

16. If you belong to a frequent-flierclub, use your miles to contribute toward your airfare, or take advantage of any offers to buy miles at a reduced rate to reach an award level. If you are not already a frequent flier, join when you buy your ticket. The flight to Australia may earn you another trip!

17. To get even more frequent-flier miles, pay for your airline ticket on a credit card that gives you miles for every dollar you spend. Just be sure you don’t get zapped with sky-high interest charges.

ACCOMMODATIONS

18. Airfare and accommodations will take the biggest bite out of your budget, so look for package tours that include both plane ticket and 5 or more nights’ accommodations—often at substantial savings for both.

19. If you get an apartment with a full kitchen, you can save money by not eating out at every meal. Australian cities and holiday destinations are awash with this kind of accommodations. Even if you only make breakfast every morning, you could save enough to splurge on a really special meal.

20. Try to avoid visiting Australia during the country’s school holidays (see the “When to Go” section later in this chapter). Hotel and apartment rates in popular vacation spots like the Gold Coast, the Sunshine Coast, and Cairns in Queensland soar during the Australian school vacations.

21. Many accommodations chains offer discounted rates for customers of a particular car-rental company with which the hotel chain is partnered. When making your reservation or checking in, it never hurts to ask whether you qualify for a discount.

22. Bed-and-breakfasts are a friendly alternative to a cheerless motel room, and in Oz they’re often quite cheap. Many pretty B&Bs charge A$75 (US$49) or less for a double room with breakfast—about the same as a motel room without breakfast.

23. Youth hostels and backpacker lodges are not just for the young. Some are almost as good as resorts, with a pool, a tour desk, and Internet access, and they often offer inexpensive meals. Many have basic but clean private rooms for under A$50 (US$33) for a double. As long as you can handle sharing a bathroom, these rooms are often the cheapest comfortable beds in town.

24. YWCA has comfortable budget hotels in Sydney, Melbourne, and Darwin with private rooms, dorms, and family rooms—a cut above the average backpacker digs.

25. Many pubs, especially those in the country, offer lodging. Staying in a pub can be a money-saving option if you don’t mind sharing a bathroom (some have private
bathrooms, but don’t expect it) and coping with the din of drinkers in the bar downstairs (often until midnight Fri–Sat). The quality varies, but most rooms have a measure of historical charm. Rates can be as little as A$40 (US$26) for a double and are rarely more than A$75 (US$49); most include breakfast.

26. Most hotels accommodate kids up to age 12 (and even older) free of charge in your room if they use existing beds; if a hotel does charge extra for a child, it’s usually only A$10 to A$20 (US$6.50–US$13) at most.

LOCAL TRANSPORTATION

27. Bus travel in Oz is quite comfortable— the buses are clean, the seats are comfortable, and you sometimes even get a video onboard. Passes from the two national coach companies, Greyhound Pioneer and McCafferty’s, represent great value, especially as some of them include tours.

28. Train fares in Australia cost about the same as bus fares, if you travel in a sitting berth (the seats recline somewhat). If you want a sleeper cabin, fares get expensive fast.

29. Countrylink, which oversees rail travel in New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland, offers advance-purchase discounts of up to 40%.

30. Before you book a rental car in Australia, consider whether you really need one. In major tourist towns like Alice Springs and Cairns, travelers fall into the trap of renting a car and then letting it sit outside their hotel the whole vacation, because every local tour company picked them up at the door. If you need a car only to drive into town for dinner, take a cab.

31. Fill up your rental car at a nearby gas station before you return it, not at the much-more-expensive car rental depot’s pump.

32. Gas in cities is often cheaper on Mondays because most people fill up their tanks before the weekend.

33. Whether you go by air, rail, bus, or car, try not to backtrack. In a country as big as Australia, you can waste a lot of money retracing your steps.

34. Don’t buy maps. Most visitor centers dispense free or next-to-free maps of the area. If you are a member of an automobile club with which the Australian Automobile Association (AAA) has a reciprocal agreement, you can often obtain free state, regional, and city road maps. The American Automobile Association, and the Automobile Associations in the
U.K., Canada, and New Zealand, have such an arrangement with Australia. Pick up the maps before you leave, or collect them at the AAA offices in Australia.

WINING & DINING

35. The letters to look for when dining out in Oz are BYO, which means Bring Your Own: Buy wine or beer at the cheapest bottle shop (“liquor store” to Americans, “offlicense” to Brits) you can find, and take it with you to the restaurant. That way you avoid the markup of 100%, 200%, or more that restaurateurs are so fond of adding. All you pay is a corkage charge of about A$1 to A$3 (US65¢–US$1.95) per person.

36. Go ethnic and you’re almost guaranteed great food at low prices— Indian, Cambodian, Malaysian, Vietnamese, Italian, and Thai are all pretty sure bets. The smarter Chinese restaurants are good, but often a tad pricey, and not always BYO.

37. An advantage of going out for Asian food is that dishes are usually shared, so small eaters can get away with not ordering a whole meal for themselves (great for families). Because one Asian main course is often enough for two people, the golden rule is to order and eat one dish first, then order a second if you need it.

38. In cities, head to an Italian sidewalk cafe for tasty pasta and stylish sandwiches. A focaccia sandwich with salami, provolone cheese, sun-dried tomatoes, and arugula will set you back around A$8 (US$5.20) and keep you going ’til dinner.

39. Backpacker lodges, youth hostels, and universities almost always have restaurants or cafes attached, which serve up big portions of tasty, healthy food for not much money.

40. Tipping is not necessary, although it is common to tip 5% to 10% in restaurants and round cab fares up to the nearest A$1 (US65¢). Plenty of Aussies don’t tip, so
don’t feel embarrassed about hanging on to your coins.

41. If you are traveling by car, keep a box of cereal and long-life milk in the trunk and use the hotel coffee cups as bowls. It beats paying A$10 (US$6.50) for the same thing in the hotel restaurant.

42. RSL (Returned and Services League) clubs and League clubs (as in Rugby League football) serve hearty meals—along the roast, chicken Kiev, and steak lines, with vegetables or salad, and bread and potato included—for around A$10 (US$6.50). You will have to sign in before you enter the club and put up with their uniquely lurid brand of neon-lit decor, but that’s part of the fun. Kids’ meals are about A$5 (US$3.25).

TOURS & SIGHTSEEING

43. Australian city councils are big on providing free entertainment—for example, Sydney has free dance performances or concerts at Darling Harbour many weekends, and free lunchtime concerts in Martin Place most days; Brisbane has street performers at South Bank Parklands most weekends; and Darwin has free Sunday Jazz by the sea at the MGM Grand Casino in Dry Season. Check local newspapers for details.

44. You can often get half-price theater tickets on the day of the performance. We’ve listed halfprice ticket agencies in the “After Dark” sections of each chapter, where relevant. Matinees are often around A $8 (US$5.20), cheaper than evening shows.

45. Walking tours can be half the price of bus tours, and they give you a good close-up view of the city and sights.

SHOPPING

46. Skincare products, cosmetics, perfume, electronics, imported designer accessories, liquor, cigarettes, and other luxury items attract high duty in Australia. If you need to buy these products, get them in duty-free stores, which can be found in capital cities and major tourist destinations. You will need to show your airline ticket and passport to buy.

47. If you buy anything expensive— jewelry, for example—ask if there is a tax-free price for international travelers. Most non-duty-free stores selling high-ticket items offer tax-free prices to international travelers who show their airline ticket and passport.

48. Aboriginal artifacts make great souvenirs and gifts, but look for the shops just a block or two away from the center of town, which sell the same items a good bit cheaper than the ones on the main streets.

NIGHTLIFE

49. There are no cover charges at pubs, and drinks are cheaper than in nightclubs. Some have live entertainment, pool, and sports video screens.

50. Aussies love beer any time, but it never tastes better than during happy hour, that period from around 4 to 6pm when many city bars and pubs mark drinks down to half price or less. Happy hours are especially common Thursday and Friday, but any time of the week you are never far from a pub that makes an art form of brandbased specials.

Australian Safari - The $50-a-Day Premise


Can’t believe you can really travel and stay comfortably around this huge country for as little as $50 a day? It can be done. Australia’s abundance of family-run motels, authentic country pubs, friendly B&Bs, and inexpensive ethnic restaurants offer a wide variety of great eating, welcoming accommodations, and some of the most amazing sights you’ll ever see, without sacrificing fun, comfort, and adventure to a budget.



The “$50-a-day” premise is based on the assumption of two adults traveling together who, between the two of them, have at least US$100, or US$50 per person, to spend per day on accommodations and meals. (We used a calculation of A$1 equals US65¢.) But fluctuations in the value of the Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar in recent years may mean you will get even more value for your money at the time you travel. Sightseeing, entertainment, and transport costs are extra, but we have unearthed loads of free and next-to-free ways for you to see the sights and get around without breaking the bank. Because airfare is likely to be the most expensive part of your trip, we provide tips on finding low-cost deals and packages.



But make no mistake: This isn’t a backpacker’s guide to Oz. Although the book includes the best backpackerstyle accommodations and hostels, its aim is to suggest the best places to stay and dine at the best price. In fact, if you frequent the places recommended and follow our money-saving tips on transportation and sightseeing, you’ll be traveling the same way most average Australians do. They would rather stay in a mid-priced country guesthouse that has a bit of charm, and eat at the cheap, fabulous Thai nosh-house, than pay a fortune to sit around a five-star resort’s swimming pool eating $15 hamburgers.

Tuesday, November 14, 2006

Tasmania

Last stop before Antarctica is the island state of Tasmania. Visit the Apple Isle for its beautiful national parks, stretches of alpine wilderness and gloomy forests, fruit and lavender farms, the world’s best trout fishing, and an exquisitely slow pace of life rarely experienced anywhere else. If you’re up to it, you could tackle the Overland Track, an 85km (53-mile) hiking trail between Cradle Mountain and Lake St. Clair that passes through highland moors, dense rainforests, and several mountains. A more leisurely option is a visit to the picturesque stone ruins of Port Arthur, Australia’s version of Devil’s Island, where thousands of convicts brought in to settle the new British colony were imprisoned and died. All of Tasmania is spectacular, but you haven’t seen anything until you’ve experienced Freycinet National Park, with its pink granite outcrops set against an emeraldgreen sea.

Australian Capital Territory (Act)

Surrounded entirely by New South Wales is the Australian Capital Territory. The ACT is made up of bushland and the nation’s capital, Canberra, a planned city similar in architectural concept to Washington, D.C. Many Australians consider the capital boring, but Canberra will surprise you. It has some of the country’s best museums and great restaurants, so don’t automatically exclude it from your itinerary.

Victoria

Australia’s second largest city, Melbourne, is the capital of Victoria. Melbourne is more stately and “Old World” than Sydney, and offers an exciting mix of ethnicity and the country’s best fashion shopping. Nearby Phillip Island is famous for its Penguin Parade, where hundreds of tiny penguins dash up the beach to their burrows at dusk; and, the historic gold-mining city of Ballarat is not far away. Victoria is also the site of one of Australia’s great road trips, the Great Ocean Road, which stretches for 106km (66 miles) along the southern coast, where the eroded rock towers named the Twelve Apostles stand tall in the sea. Then there’s the inland “high country,” The Man from Snowy River’s stomping ground.

South Australia

Stretched between Western Australia and Victoria is the nation’s breadbasket, South Australia. The capital, Adelaide, is a stately place known for its conservatism, parks, and churches, and is an ideal base for exploring Australia’s illustrious wine region, the Barossa Valley. Big labels like Penfolds, Seppelts, and Wolf Blass are here, but take time to sniff out the many smaller but no less outstanding vineyards. And it’s less than an hour from the city! Bring your binoculars for the massive water bird sanctuary, the Coorong. Stay in an underground hotel in the offbeat opal-mining town of Coober Pedy (it’s too hot above ground), or order a ’roo-burger at the historic Prairie Hotel in the craggy, ancient lands of the Flinders Ranges in the South Australian Outback. The greatest of South Australia’s attractions (apart from wine, of course!) is Kangaroo Island, the best place in Australia to see native animals. In a day you can spot wallabies, kangaroos, koalas, oodles of birds from black swans to kookaburras, echidnas, and penguins. The beach teems with sea lions.

Western Australia


Distance and high airfares work against Western Australia’s tourism industry, which is a shame because this is one of Australia’s most wild and beautiful regions. The seas teem with whales in season, and thrill seekers can swim alongside gigantic but gentle whale sharks on the Northwest Cape every fall (Mar–June). This cape is home to one of Australia’s best-kept secrets, a second barrier reef called Ningaloo Marine Park, which runs for 260km (161 miles), one of the few reefs in the world to grow on a western coast. You can snorkel with manta rays here, and the diving is great. Just 19km (12 miles) off Perth, snorkelers can gaze at corals and fish on Rottnest Island, and in Shark Bay at Monkey Mia, tourists greet wild dolphins (or is it the other way around?).



In the southwest “hook” of the continent lies the Margaret River wine region. Wild forests, thundering surf, dramatic cliffs, rich bird life, and wild ’roos make it one of the country’s most attractive wine regions. The state’s capital, Perth, has surf beaches and a restored 19th-century port with a fun atmosphere and some great museums. One or two hours’ drive from the city brings you to some cute towns, like the Spanish Benedictine monastery town of New Norcia. Inland, the state is mostly wheat fields and desert, but if you have the inclination, head west 600km (372 miles) from Perth to the gold-mining town of Kalgoorlie, where you’ll find the world’s largest open-cast gold mine. With its gracious old pubs lining the wide bustling streets, it’s what an Aussie country town should look like.



In the Kimberley, you can visit the ancient Geikie and Windjana gorges, pearl farms where the world’s best South Sea pearls grow, and the charming (in a corrugated-iron sort of way) beachside frontier town of Broome. This tract of the country is so little populated and so under-explored that most Aussies never contemplate coming here. Getting around can be expensive, because it’s so vast. Near Kununurra, on the eastern edge of the Kimberley, is a million-acre cattle station, El Questro, where you can camp in safari tents, fish for barramundi, hike through the bush to Aboriginal rock art, take all kinds of active tours from horseback riding to 4WD jaunts, and dine every night on terrific modern Oz cuisine. From Kununurra you can hike into the beehive-shaped rock formation of the Bungle Bungles, cruise on the croc-infested Ord River, and tour the world’s biggest diamond mine.

The Top End

The northwest reaches of Oz (from the rocky red ranges of the Kimberley in Western Australia to the northern 3rd of the Northern Territory) encompass what Aussies eloquently dub “the Top End.” This is Crocodile Dundee territory, a remote, vast, semi-desert region where men are heroes and the cattle probably outnumber the people. In this book, we have concentrated on the Northern Territory section of the “Top End,” with the Kimberley included in the Western Australia chapter. Near the tropical city of Darwin, the territory’s capital, is Kakadu
National Park, where you can cruise past crocodiles on inland billabongs, bird-watch, and visit ancient Aboriginal rock-art sites. Closer to Darwin is Litchfield National Park, where you can take a dip in fern-fringed swimming holes surrounded by red cliffs— stuff straight from Eden. You can cruise the waterways of Katherine Gorge, a few hours’ drive south of Darwin, or explore them by canoe. Near Katherine you can learn to make your own didgeridoo, and canoe rarely explored, croc-infested inland rivers.

The Red Centre

The eerie silence of Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is what draws everyone to the sprawling ochre sands of the Red Centre, the heart of the Northern Territory. For many, there is the delightful discovery that the lesser-known nearby domes of Kata Tjuta, or “the Olgas,” are even more spectacular (if that’s possible). A half-day’s drive from the Rock brings you to Kings Canyon, an awesomely lovely desert gorge popular with hikers. If you visit the Red Centre, try to spend at least a few days in Alice Springs. This laid-back Outback town has the best Aboriginal arts-andcrafts shopping in Australia, Aboriginal tours, a world-class desert wildlife park, stunning scenery, hikes through the stark MacDonnell Ranges, an Outback ranch to stay at, and even camel rides along a dry riverbed.

Queensland

Without doubt, the biggest draw for visitors to Queensland is the Great Barrier Reef. Ogling the tropical fish, sea creatures, and rainbow-hued corals is a holiday highlight for most people. The Reef stretches more than 2,000km (1,240 miles) along Queensland’s coast, as far south as Bundaberg, 384km (238 miles) north of Brisbane. Alluring island resorts are dotted along the coast; while most are expensive, we’ve found a few that won’t break the bank. Queensland is also known for its white-sand beaches. Many of the best are on the Gold Coast in the state’s south (about an hour’s drive from Brisbane), and the Sunshine Coast, a 2-hour drive north of Brisbane. Cairns and Port Douglas in the north have their fair share of beaches, too, but be warned: Swimming in their waters can be very hazardous to your health. Deadly box jellyfish, or “stingers,” call a halt to all ocean swimming at beaches in the northern third of the country October through May. All patrolled beaches have warning signs, and the lifeguards do regular net drags to see if there are any in the water. If they find any, the beach is promptly closed. But to be absolutely sure, you should stick to the waterfront lagoons at Airlie Beach and Cairns, or your hotel pool this time of year. The jellyfish are mainly found in coastal waters and do not interfere with Great Barrier Reef activities like snorkeling or diving, as these are out of the habitat of marine stingers.

Island swimming is mostly stinger free, but be careful and take advice from the lifeguards before plunging into that inviting water.

One of the most appealing of Queensland’s destinations is the aquatic playground made up of the 74 Whitsunday Islands in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. These mostly uninhabited islands are a paradise for kayaking, snorkeling, diving, fishing, hiking, watersports, bird-watching, and bareboat sailing.

Another big attraction is the lush 110-million-year-old Daintree rainforest, just north of Port Douglas.

The capital, Brisbane, has Australia’s largest koala sanctuary (you can cuddle one if you like) and you can hand-feed wild dolphins on a day trip across Brisbane’s Moreton Bay. In the Gold Coast hinterland is Lamington National Park, a rainforested mountain region great for hiking and spotting wildlife.

New South Wales

Australia’s most populated state is also the most visited by tourists. They come to see Sydney—and who can blame them? It’s one of the most glamorous and beautiful cities in the world, with dozens of harbor and ocean beaches within and around the city, and a mixture of bushland and city development around Sydney Harbour itself. Sydney is also a good base for day trips or overnight excursions inland, especially to the scenic Blue Mountains and the wineries of the Hunter Valley.

Farther afield, a string of quaint beachside towns stretches all the way down the southern coast to Victoria. Along the north coast are remnant areas of rainforest and a more tropical air in the laid-back hangout of Byron Bay, where “Croc Dundee” himself, movie star Paul Hogan, has a home. The inland is dry and sparsely forested. Highlights include the mining town of Broken Hill (known for wildlife, art galleries, and Aboriginal influences), and Outback opal-mining towns White Cliffs and Lightning Ridge, which exist in a wacky underground world of their own.

Australian Regions in Brief

About 84% of Australia’s 19 million people huddle in cities around the coast covering a mere 1% of this vast continent. The reason is simple: Much of Australia is harsh Outback country, characterized by savannah land, spectacular rocky outcrops, hifting deserts, and dry salt lakes. In these parts of the country, the soil is poor, the rainfall scarce, and some rivers don’t even make it to the ocean. The roads that traverse the interior are sometimes barely worthy of the name, and most people choose air travel or stick to the coastal fringe.

In spectacular contrast, on the coast—particularly the east, where most people live—Nature’s bounty has almost overdone it. Here, Australia is blessed with one of the greatest natural attractions in the world—the Great Barrier Reef. There are also rainforests in Queensland, alpine scenery in Tasmania, wildflowers in Western Australia, rolling wine country in South Australia, a great coastal drive in Victoria,

Bird-filled wetlands in the Northern Territory, and countless sand beaches more or less everywhere.


Australia is made up of six states—New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania—and two internal “territories”—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory. The national capital is
Canberra, in the ACT.

Planning an affordable trip to Australia

A trip to Australia Is an exhilarating experience, in this article I am going to cover certain essential factors in planning a trip to the kangaroo land. I will be discussing here things like, how to get there, the amount of money it will cost, the ins and outs of traveling down under; and myriad other details.

Thursday, November 09, 2006

Things to Buy in Singapore


ANTIQUES


Antiques from all over Asia can be found in the shopping areas at Tanglin Road, Orchard Road and Cuppage Road and at several hotel arcades. Chinese antiques predominate, chiefly porcelain, ceramics, jade, bronze items and scrolls. Even Tang and Qing dynasty ceramic pieces may be found. Thai ceramics dating back to the 13th and 15th century are another favourite with collectors. Brass lamps, bronze statuettes, inlaid jewellery boxes are some of the Indian antiques available. Indonesian, Vietnamese and Burmese antiques may be bought here as well.



CARPETS

Quality hand-knotted carpets, durries and rugs from the Middle East, China, Afghanistan, Turkey, India and Pakistan are available here in Singapore. Orchard is among the many locations where this enormous range of carpets can be viewed and bought.



COSMETICS AND TOILETRIES

Dior, Channel, Yves, St. Laurent, Lanvin, Lancome, Cacharel, all of the famous brand names are to be found in Singapore's department stores and at the airport duty free complexes.



ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC GOODS

An enormous range of calculators, shaves, fans, hair-dryers, audio-visual equipment, irons, kettles and other household appliances are sold at duty free prices at the various complexes and stores located on Orchard Road, North Bridge Road. Raffles Place and Sim Lim Square.
Funan Centre along North Bridge Road and the Riverwalk Gallery are recognised sources of personal computers and computer software. Camera equipment is available at stores in North Bridge Road, High Street, Middle Road, Bras Basah Road, Orchard Road, Raffles Place and Scotts Road. Major brands such as Nikon, Cannon, and Pentax as well as professional cameras such as Leicas andHerselblads are on sale for reasonable prices. Having procurred the price list from an agent, one can shop around for the best price.



FABRICS


Countless shops in the Tanglin Shopping Centre, Scotts Shopping Centre, Lucky Plaza and the Chinese emporiums offer both plain and printed Chinese silks by the yard or made into the latest ready to wear fashions. Indian silks and other textiles from the region can be found in Arab Street at reasonable prices. The unique colour and design of batik make it a popular buy. Imported from Indonesia and Malaysia, it is sold in lengths, or made into clothing, napkins, table cloths and many other items. The best place to buy batik is at Arab street, Geylang Serai and the Malay village.



FOOTWEAR

Footwear is an excellent buy in Singapore, from top European designer shoes to the latest in sport shoes. Orchard Road sells designer wear by the likes of Rodolfo Valentine, Bally, Giorgio Armani, and Gucci. Bargain shoes, sandals slippers and sneakers can be bought in and around Chinatown and Little India.



JEWELLERY

Exceptional gem bargains can be found in Singapore, not only in such native stones as rubies, sapphires, zircons, garnets and turquiose, but also in imported ones brought here for cutting and setting. Singapore's jeweller have a justifiable reputation for creation of fine jewellery in distinctive settings ranging from high fashion to traditional ethnic. Different shops specialise in gold, silver, precious or semi-precious gems.The Pidemco Centre on South Bridge Road is home to Singapore's Jeweller's. Traditional Indian jewellery is available along Serangoon Road.



LEATHER GOODS

Handbags, shoes, belts and other accessories made from crocodile, snake and lizard skins are sold in department stores and shopping complexes throughout the city.



SPORTS/RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT

Major shopping complexes have at least one well equipped sports store. For Scuba gear, visit Dive Asia, Sealand Sports in Lucky Plaza or specialist shops at Peace Centre. Windsurfers could try the East Coast Sailing Centre, 1210 East Coast Parkway. Water skiers are catered for at Aqua & Leisure Sports in Marina Square and Golfers at the Far East Plaza and Plaza Singapore.



SOUVENIRS

Souvenirs of Singapore can be found all over from T-shirts to local handicrafts.
Gold, dipped orchids (Singapore's National flower) are a popular buy. Gold billion coins stamped with lion motifs make a valuable gift. Fine pewter ware, mugs, vases and pictures can be bought at the Royal Selangor showroom at 32, Pandan Road. The Singaporean Handicraft Centre at Chinatown Point must be visited for a wider selection of Singaporean souvenirs.



TOYS/GAMES

Most stores in Singapore have huge sections devoted solely to toys of every imaginable variety. Some specialist toy shops are located in the Orchard Road shopping belt, Forum Galleria and Wisema Atria housing two of the most popular shops.



WEARING APPAREL

Custom Tailoring: The pleasure of owning a custom made suit or dress is not a privilege reserved for the very rich in Singapore. There are thousands of establishments, small and large that can produce almost anything you want in a matter of days and at prices fairly reasonable prices. Although found throughout Singapore, the tailor shops along Coleman Street, Selegie Road, North Bridge Road, Orchard Road and Tanglin Road are perhaps the best known.

Ready to wear: Clothing is a booming industry in Singapore. Men's clothing imported from the world's fashion houses, can be obtained from department stores and shopping complexes in and around Orchard, Scolts and Tanglin Roads. For women's fashion, Singapore offers the latest from around the world, with famous names such as Channel, Claiborne and Gucci.
However, Singapore made versions are moderately priced with the local designers able to match foreign standards. These are available at many outlets throughout the city, a number of which are located at Park Mall.



WATCHES

Timepieces such as Kaleidoscopic Swiss watches, collector's Role watches as well as elaborate wall clocks and practical radio clocks can be picked up at excellent prices' here in Singapore.

Cultural Centre Of Philippines


Within the immense park-like grounds of this seaside complex rise the many establishments dedicated to the preservation and propagation of Philippine culture and heritage. The Cultural Centre of Philippine, (CCP) gathers together permanent displays of Philippine ethnological treasures along with recent works by modern artists. Its theaters, as well as the Folk Arts Theater nearby, host many an evening of ballet, concerts, plays, and other cultural performances. Next door is Coconut Palace, a Philippine ancestral mansion inspired and crafted mainly out of parts from the coconut tree. It is the only structure of its kini in the world. Guided tour conducted in English ar schduled every half hou from 9 to 11 am and from to 4 pm every day excep Monday. Group booking should be made at least week in advance. Th buildings of the Philippic Centre for Internations Trade Expositions (Ph Cite), as well as the adjacent Internation; Trade Centre Comple: showcase Filipino artisti and craftsmanship in the fields of weaving, basket! woodcarving, shellcral jewellry-making a metalworks, and are al venues for the exchange trade technology amoi friendly nations.


FORBES PARK

Such a cluster of opulent mansions as you see in Forbes Park and its neighbouring Dasmarinaa Village is almost unique. There is even a special police unit to guard this luxury neighbourhood. Forbes Park is in the southern part of Maka Buses marked ‘Ayala (Ave)’ go from Taft Ave or M H del Pilar St in Ermita to the Makati Commercial Centre. One can cover up 1 remaining km by taxi as Admission: to the island is S$7 adults and S$2.50 children. There are separate admission charges for the attractions.

Kusu ISLANDS

Kusu, a small island, sacred to both Muslims and Taoists, has stunning views of the Singapore mainland and has a good swimming lagoon. Legend recounts that Kusu was a giant sea turtle which transformed itself into a large rock to save the shipwrecked sailors. Taoists make an annual pilgrimage to the Tua Pekong Temple on Kusu during the ninth lunar month. Ferries ply between the Singapore Cruise Centre at the WTC and the island, Monday to Saturday. For enquiries call 2707888 or 270 7889.

ST JOHN'S ISLAND

St John's Island is a large, hilly island with shaded walking paths, swimming lagoons and grassy clearings that are perfect for informal soccer. It is a popular site for weekend get aways and camping trips.

PULAU UBIN

This island is a delightful retreat from the bustle of Singapore, with a rural lifestyle that has changed little in 30 years. Traditional fishing huts called kelongs are built on stilts over the sea, while orchard trees, shrubs and flowers abound. Visitors can see a duck farm, a prawn farm. One can go camping and enjoy good hiking areas. There is a lake in a disused quarry here. There is also plenty of wildlife, including the Purple jungle fowl, a wild bird from which all the world's domestic chickens are descended. A seafood restaurant here offers delicious fresh seafood. The island is accessible via the bumboats leaving Changi Point Jetty.

Places of Interest in Manila


RIZAL PARK

A swathe of green cuts through the traffic of Taft Avenue all the way to Roxas Boulevard by Manila Bay, and forms an oval, more commonly known as Luneta (from lunette, small moon). Mornings find joggers and talchi exercisers catching a bit of fresh air under the trees. In the afternoons, spectators sit by the breakwater to await the best sunset in the world. Evenings are for lovers. On weekends, families picnic on the grass by the fountains, flock to the amphitheatc entertainment, stroll Japanese and Ch gardens, and frolic a: the skating ring and children's playground park is dedicated t national hero, Jot Rizal, and his s stands watch over M Bay. On the same where Rizal was exe by firing squad in If light and sound table; enacts the event witl sized statues and a rec narrative, accompani light and sound effects.

INTRAMUROS

Within the 16th century walls of Intramuros, the old Spanish enclave of Manila, horse-drawn carruajes (carriages) take visitors through streets lined with Spanish colonial style houses, past old church plazas, gardens and walkways between restored puertas (gates) and baluartes (battlements). Fort Santiago, once the headquarters of the spanish forces and prison to Filipinos charged with sedition and rebellion, is now a peaceful green quadrangle with a shrine to the national here. The Manila Cathedral has been rebuilt six times since the first structure rose on that same spot in 1581. The present church retains its magnificence with the original stone carvings, rosette windows and stained glass mosaics decorating its nave and several smaller chapels. San Agustin Church, the oldest structure in the country, inspires awe with its trompe I'oeil murals, ornately carved choir loft, Baroque interiors and collection of valuable ecclesiastical art pieces. The Casa Manila, a fully-furnished turn of the century model house, depicts how a Spanish nobleman might have lived. The maze of antique and ethnic craft shops and galleries at the Plaza San Luis Complex carry items worthy of any collector's attention.

FORT SANTIAGO

The most important defence location of the Intramuros fortress city was Fort-Santiago. From this strategic location, at the mouth of the Pasig River, all activity in Manila Bay could be observed. During the Japanese occupation in World War II, innumerable Filipino prisoners lost their lives in the infamous dungeon cells which lay below sea level. At high tide there was no escape. Dr Jose Rizal also spent his last days in a narrow cell at this fort before his execution by the Spaniards in 1896.

Today Fort Santiago is a memorial. There is an open-air theatre, the Rizal Shrine and a display of old cars which used to belong to important Filipino personalities.

In early 1988, Fort Santiago was turned inside out, with government permission, by US gold-seekers who, by excavating, hoped to uncover the legendary war treasure of the Japanese genera,! Yamashita, which was rumoured to have been hidden in the Philippines. All excavations were in vain, of course. The fort is open daily between 8 am and 10 pm

SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH

The first constructions of the San Agustin Church were destroyed by fires in 1574 and 1583. In 1599 the foundation stone for the present construction was laid. The massive church was not damaged by the earthquakes of 1645, 1754, 1852,1863,1880, 1968 and 1970, nor by the bombardment in the fighting around Manila in February 1945. San Agustin is the oldest existing stone church in the Philippines. From JL879 to 1880, the crystal chandeliers came from Paris, the walls and roofs were masterfully painted by two Italian artists, and the choir stalls were carved_by the Agustinian monks themselves. In a small chapel to the left of the high altar lie the mortal remains of Legaspi. There is a museum and a contemplative inner courtyard adjoining the church.

MANILA CATHEDRAL

This cathedral, with its great cupola, is the Philippines' most significant Catholic church. It is located in the Plaza Roma at Intramuros. With the help of the Vatican, the building, which was destroyed in World War II, was rebuilt from 1954 to 1958; some old walls were restored and integrated into the new construction. The large organ with its 4500 pipes came from Netherlands and is the largest in Asia. Some old walls were restored and integrated into the new construction. The large organ with its 4500 pipes came from Netherlands and is the largest in Asia.

NAYONG PILIPPINO

For an overview of what this 7,107 island archipelago has to offer without travelling outside of Metro Manila, nothing beats this 32-acre 'nayong' (village) located just 10 minutes away from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Here explore Bohol's Chocolate Hills, Cebu's historic Magellans Cross, Bicol's Mayon Volcano, Banaue's Rice Terraces, as well as the many villages, which really are a cluster of houses architecturally representative of each culturally distinctive region in the country. Museums showcase ethnological finds and local handicrafts.

Refreshment kiosks are scattered throughout the park. Around the lagoon, weekenders cast their fishing lines to try their luck with the tilapia (local trout) and couples row their boats into the sunset.

CHINATOWN

Manila's enclave of traditional Chinese shophouses and narrow streets bustles with commercial activity on and around Ongpin Street in Santa Cruz district. Jewellery stores a-glitter with yellow and gold watches; groceries brimming with fruit preserves and exotic delicacies; apothecaries with their multipaneled cabinets filled with pungent
herbs; Chinese delicatessens and restaurants with pork leg, Peking duck and oiled chicken hanging in the windows; curio shops redolent with incense; Buddhist temples and roadside shrines with their tilted red-tile roofs; and always that strain of Chinese music floating in the air, all combine to lend an air of oriental mystique to this thriving, clannish community.

QUIAPO

This small district of craftsmen, buyers and sellers swells and swelters with the crush of humanity who carry on their trade on the perimetres of the pilgrimage shrine of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo Church. Sidewalk her-balists vie with amulet and charm purveyors to cure every ailment from the common cold to arthritis to diabetes. Fruits, vegetables and flowers, clothes and houseware erupt in a riot of colour. Under the Quezon Bridge (Ilalim ng Tulay), hawkers call your attention to the many capiz shell lamps, rattan bags, and other inexpensive handicrafts hanging from the ceilings of makeshift stalls.

Fast Food Restaurants in Manila

There are lots of reasonably priced small food stalls, J Bocobo St that sell Filipino snacks and meals. They are open daily from 8 am to 10 pm.

Rosie's Diner, MHdel Pilar St Ermita, is comfortable and always fairly full, in the style of a US snack-bar of the 1950s— all that's missing is the Wurlitzer. It is open all day every day and a meal costs from P 50 to P 75.

Shakey's Mabini, Mabini St, Ermita, sells pizzas with thick or thin dough, but their spaghetti is a bit dear. There is loud live music in the evenings. It is open daily from 11 am to 5 am. There is also Shakey's Malate in Remedios St, open from 11 to 5 am, Shakey's Makati in Makati Ave, open from 9 am to midnight, and Shakey's Greenhills in Padilla Ave, open from 10 to 2 am.

The Pizza Hut, Harrison Plaza, Malate, is one of the best in Metro Manila. It specialises in pan pizzas and is a popular place in a busy shopping centre. It is open daily from 10 am to midnight.

If you're really hanging out for a hamburger, McDonald's, United Nations Ave, Ermita, sells the 'real thing'. It is open daily from 7 am to midnight and a hamburger usually costs about P 50.

Jollibee, Padre Faure, Ermita, is one of a Filipino burger chain with lots of outlets. Its specialities are chickenjoy and champ with cheese; a full breakfast may also be offered. It is open Monday to Saturday from 7 am to 10 pm and Sunday from 7.30 am to 9.30 pm.

Kentucky Fried Chicken, Harrison Plaza, Malate, has the traditional crispy chicken. It is open daily from 10 am to midnight. There is another Kentucky Fried, Maria Orosa St, opposite the Manila Pavilion Hotel.

Mister Donut, Mabini St, Ermita, has a good choice of excellent doughnuts and good coffee— not a bad breakfast alternative. It is open all hours every day and costs about P 25.

Western Restaurants in Manila


US Mainland Steak Town, Adriatico St, Malate, has good steaks and seafood, soup, salad, bread, dessert and coffee. It is open from 8 am to 2 pm daily. There is another Steak Town Restaurant in Makati Ave, Makati. The New Orleans, La Tasca Building, Greenbelt Square, Leg-aspi St, Makati, specialises in US and Creole dishes, especially steaks and barbecued ribs, along with pretty good New Orleans jazz. It is open from 11 am to 2.00 pm and from 6 pm to midnight daily.

At the Cafe Adriatico, on the corner of Adriatico St and Remedies Circle, Malate, the usual menu features steaks, salads, seafood and fondue, topped off with various kinds of coffee and a good choice of cocktails. It's a trendy place to meet at night after the theatre. It is open Monday to Friday from 10 am to 6 am and Sunday from 2.30 pm to 6 am.

Mario's, Makati Ave, Makati, has good steaks and salads, seafood, French and Spanish soups and Californian wines. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 2.30 pm and from 5.30 to 11 pm, and Sunday from 5.30 to 11 pm.

Max's, Maria Orosa St, Ermita, is one of the 10 branches of Max's in Manila. It serves chicken roasted in various ways as well as standard Fillipino dishes. It is open daily from 8 am to 11 pm.

The Rooftop Restaurant, on the corner of Padre Faura and M H del Pilar St, Ermita, is an Australian restaurant and beer garden on top of the Iseya Hotel and is open daily all hours; on Sunday there's an Aussie barbecue for P 100. Here you can also enjoy a good view of the Manila Bay.

The Southern Cross, United Nations Ave, Ermita, is a combined Australian bar and club. Open 24 hours a day.

Lili Marleen, M H del Pilar St, Ermita, has homely German dishes at reasonable prices. Menus vary daily. It is open from 10 am to 3 am.

Edelweiss, M H del Pilar St, Ermita, cooks German, Austrian and Swiss food and specialises in fondue. It is open from 10 am to 2 pm.

The Munchen Grill Pub Mabini St, Ermita, has Bavarian dishes and is open daily from 10 to 2 am.

Jodi's Place, Mabini St, Ermita, has German food. It is open from 10 am to 2 am daily.

Guernica's, M H del Pilar St, Ermita, has typical Spanish dishes, like paella, but also steaks. Guitar music provides atmosphere. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 to 2 pm and from 6 pm to midnight, and Sunday from 6 pm to midnight. There is another Guernica's, Pas ay Rd, nearEDSA, Makati.

Patio Guernica, J Bocobo St, near Remedies Circle, Malate, has common Spanish dishes, steaks and vegetarian food. It is busy but not as lively as the older Guernica's in M H del

Pilar St. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 2 pm and from 6 pm to midnight, and Sunday from 6 pm to midnight.

El Comedor, on the corner of Adriatico St and Pedro Gil, Ermita, has traditional Spanish food plus some specialities and a relatively cheap lunch special. It is open daily from 11 am to 3 pm and from 6.30 to 10.30 pm.

The Muralla, the San Luis Complex, General Luna St, Intramuros, has Spanish and Filipino food. It is open daily from 11 am to 2 pm and from 6 to 11 pm.

Vietnamese Restaurant in Manila

The Vietnam Food House Harrison St, Pasay City, is small but popular, with different specialities each day. It is open from 9 am to 7.30 pm daily.

The Ville de Saigon, Pasay Rd, Makati, has Vietnamese cuisine with a French touch and also vegetarian dishes. It is open daily from 11.30 am to 2.30 pm and from 5.30 to 11.30 pm.

Thai Restaurants in Manila

The Sukhothai in Makati Ave, Makati, is an unpretentious place with good, reasonably priced food. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 10 pm. Flavours & Spices in New Garden Square, on the corner of Greenbelt Drive, Makati, is a good restaurant where you can also buy Thai spices. It is open from 11 am to 10 pm.

Another good restaurant is Taste of Thailand in the Mile Long Building, Amorsolo St, Makati,

which is open daily from 11.30 am to 2 pm and 6.30 to 10 pm.

The Thai Room in the Creekside Building, Amorsolo St, Makati, has standard dishes like torn yan and Thai curries and its menus are varied daily. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 3 pm and from 6 to 10 pm.

Korean Restaurants in Manila

The Korean Village, Adriatico St, Malate, is supposed to be the biggest Korean restaurant in Manila. Its specialities are spare ribs and beef stew. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 10 pm.

The Korean Palace, Adriatico St, Malate, competes with the Korean village. It is open from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 10 pm daily. Another Korean restaurant is the Korean Garden in Burgos St, Makati, which is open daily from 11.30 am to 2.30 pm and from 5.30 to 10.30 pm.

Japanese Restaurants in Manila

The Iseya Restaurant Padre Faura, Ermita, serves a business lunch that, at P 50, is very good value. It is open daily from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 11 pm and its usual meals are about P 75.

The Yamato, Adriatico St, Ermita, is good for sushi and tempura. It is open daily from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5.30 to 10.30 pm and meals cost about P 75.

The Tempura-Misono, the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Roxas Blvd, Pasay City is a popular Japanese restaurant.

Indonesian Restaurants in Manila

The Cafe Lerop in Adriatico St, Malate, has Indonesian and Malaysian dishes with an especially good rijsttafel. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 2 am and meals cost about P 150.

Indian Restaurants in Manila

Al-Sham's in Mabini St, Malate, has Mughlai, Indian and Pakistani food, with mutton and lamb dishes, and curries and vegetarian food. It is open daily from 11.30 am to 10.30 pm. There is another Al-Sham's Restaurant Makati Ave, Makati.


A good Indian restaurant is the
Kashmir in Padre Faura, Ermita, which serves mainly north Indian, and vegetarian food. It is open from 10 am to 11 pm daily. There is another Kashmir Resta-urant on the corner of Makati Ave and Guerrero St, Makati.

Chinese Restaurants

Mrs Wong on the corner of Padre Faura and M H del Pilar St is well patronised. It is open daily from 10 am to 7 am.

The Hong Kong Restaurant, MHdel Pilar St, Ermita, is a long-established typical Chinese restaurant with good noodle soup. It is open daily from 10 am to 4 am.

Koivloon House Mabini St, Malate, a basic but pleasant restaurant, it is open daily from 8 am to 10 pm.

The Sea Palace in Mabini St is a good and relatively cheap Chinese restaurant which also has Filipino food. It is open from 11 am to 2.30 pm and from 6 to 11.30pm daily.

The Shin Shin Garden, Mabini St, Malate, is good but somewhat costly. It is open from 11 am to 2 pm and from 6 to 10 pm daily.

The Taipekey Restaurant Adriatico St, Malate, is also good but dear. It is open from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 9 pm.

Eva's Garden Adriatico St, Ermita, is pleasant and reasonable and is open from 11.30 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 10 pm and Sunday from 5 to 10 pm.

Quan Yin Chay Soler St., Chinatown, is a small restaurant which has good-value vegetarian food and fruit juices. It is open daily from 8 am to 9 pm.

Mandarin Villa-Ongpin St, Chinatown, is one of the biggest Chinese restaurants in the area. It is open daily from 11 am to 10 pm.

Sunday, November 05, 2006

Filipino Food

Ermita's M H del Pilar St. and Makati are a good place to explore for Filipino food.



Mother Sachi in Gil Puyat Ave Makati is self-service, with good, reasonably priced vegetarian dishes. Its specialities are Shepherd's pie, Bhagavad fruit pie and soya fish. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 9 pm.



Cosmic Plate in the Amorsolo St, Makati, is another good vegetarian restaurant with different dishes each day. A health-food shop is attached. It is open daily from 11 am to 9 pm.



Aida's in M H del Pilar St, Ermita, is a reasonably priced 'turo-turo' restaurant, partly open-air, which sometimes has good munggo (bean) soup. It is open daily around the clock.Myrna's, in M H del Pilar St, Ermita, is a typical, simple Filipino restaurant. It serves good bangus (milkfish) and is crowded at meal times. It is open Monday to Saturday from 7 am to 11.30 pm.



The Coffee Tree, on the corner ofMabini and R Solas streets, has good Filipino food and a cheap American breakfast. It is open Monday to Saturday from 7 am to 10.30 pm.



Mabini House in Mabini St, Ermita, serves Filipino and Chinese food, with good rice and noodle dishes. It is open daily from 7 am to 10 pm.



Calle 5 in Mabini St, Ermita, is a big open-air restaurant which has good squid. There is live music in the evenings. It is open daily from 8 am to 3 am.



The Harbour View in South Blvd., of Rizal Park, right where the harbour trip starts, is a pleasant place by the waterfront to watch the sunset and catch a fresh breez« while having a beer and enjoying good Filipino food like sinigang (vegetable soup) or bangus. It's open Monday to Saturday from 10 to 2 am and Sunday from 10 am to midnight.



The Seaside Market in Roxas Blvd., Baclaran (near Baclaran Church), is a real market where you can buy freshly caught fish and have it prepared cheaply at the little adjoining restaurants. It is open all hours.



At Leo's, on the corner of Roxas Blvd. and Dapitan St, you can eat a la carte or choose your fish and have it prepared as you wish. It is open daily all hours.



The Seafood Market in J Bocobo St, Ermita, is relatively costly, but is a good seafood restaurant. It's almost like a real market: guests do their own selecting and then take their filled baskets to the cooks to be prepared as they wish. It is especially busy at night but the waiting time is usually short. You can round off the menu with coffee and cakes at the Cafe Alps next door. There is another Seafood Market in Makati Ave, Makati. It is open daily from 10 am to midnight.



Rol's Ihaio Ihaiv in M H del Pilar St, Ermita, is an open-air seafood restaurant with a popular beer garden right alongside. It is open daily from 8 am to 1 am.



Barrio Fiesta in J Bocobo St, Ermita, is a good, medium-priced restaurant with branches all over the country. It has an extensive menu with specialities like crispy pata and kare-kare (stew). It is open daily from 8 am to 1 am.



There is another Barrio Fiesta in Makati Ave, Makati.



The Bulwagang Pili-pino on the corner of Arkansas St and Maria Orosa St, Ermita, is another good Filipino restaurant, open daily from 9 am to 11 pm.



Palais daan in Adriatico St, Malate, you can get good Filipino dishes and seafood. It is open daily from 10 am to 1 am.



The Aristocrat, on the corner ofRoxas Blvd and San Andres St, Malate, is a big,medium-priced restaurant. It is very popular with local people and the most popular of the six Aristocrat restaurants in Metro Manila. It is open 24 hours a day all week.



Josephine's in Roxas Blvd, Pasay City is a well-known and popular seafood restaurant with a lot of choice and live combo music in the evenings. It is open daily from 9 am to midnight.



Nandau on the corner ofRoxas Blvd and Lourdes St, Pasay City is an excellent seafood restaurant which specialises in food from the province of Zamboanga del Norte in Mindanao-blue marlin, for example. It is open daily from 11 am to 11 pm.



The Patio Mequeni in Remedies St, Malate, is a pleasant, simply furnished restaurant that specialises in dishes from Pampanga Province. It is open Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 3 pm and from 6 pm to midnight.



At the Kamayan Restaurant in Padre Faura, Ermita, you can eat with your fingers in true Filipino style. There is a wide range of dishes from all over the Philippines. It is open daily from 11 am to 2 pm and from 5 to 10 pm.



Aling Asiang in the Greenbelt Square, Makati, is a well-run speciality restaurant with authentic dishes from various provinces. It is open from 11 am to 11 pm daily.



Ang Bistro sa Remedies, on the corner of Adriatico and Remedios streets, Malate, is an elegant restaurant serving special dishes from Pampanga Province. It is open from 11 am to 2 pm and from 6 pm to midnight daily.

Manila Cuisine


Metro Manila's restaurants with their impressive diversity of cuisines and prices tempt many a gourmets. The Filipino cuisine restaurants with an amazingly wide range of island flavours attract visitors from all over the world. Asian restaurants, Italian spaghetti houses,bistros, patisseries, stea houses diners, seafoo grilles and authenti Chinese and Japanese restaurants are found scattered around Ermitc Jynter Street, Roxa Blvd., Makati Avenut Makati, Pasong Tarn Pastry Road and Quezoi city patronage.

Transport To Manila Environs



To THE BATAN ISLANDS:

For air travel from Manila to Basco via Laoag there is a PAL flight on Thursday and Sunday. On Monday, Wednesday and Saturday flights go via Tuguegarao.

To BOHOL:
Aerolift flies daily from Manila to Tagbilaran; PAL flies from Manila to Tagbilaran on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The William Lines' MV Misamis Occidental boat leaves Manila on Friday at 9 am for Tagbilaran via Dumaguete on Negros, taking 36 hours.

To CATANDUANES:
PAL flies daily from Manila to Virac and from Legaspi to The MV Virac or the MV Antipolo boat leaves Tabaco daily for Virac at 11 am, taking three hours or more.

To CEBU:
PAL and Aerolift both have daily flights from Manila to Cebu City; PAL also has daily flight from Legaspi to Cebu City. Several vessels run between Manila and Cebu City. The Sweet Lines, MV Sweet Baby departs on Sunday at noon and on Thursday at 9 am, taking 22 hours. The William Lines' MV Dona Virginia leaves on Sunday at 10 am and Wednesday at 8 pm, taking 20 hours. The Sulpicio Lines' MV Davao Princess leaves on Sunday at 10 am, taking 23 hours, while their MV Filipina Princess leaves on Tuesday at 10 am and Friday at 8 pm, taking 21 hours.

To LEYTE:
Aerolift has flights on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday from Manila to Ormoc. PAL has daily flights from Manila to Tacloban.Air-con Philtranco buses leave Manila daily at 7 am and 5 pm for Tacloban. The travelling time including the ferry trip from Matnog to San Isidro is 25 hours. It is possible to pick up these buses on the way-in Legaspi, for instance, at 3 am or 5 pm—if seats are available, but they seldom are. The Sulpicio Lines' MV Cebu Princess boat leaves Manila on Friday at 10 am for Ormoc via Masbate and Calbayog, taking 45 hours. The William Lines' MV Tacloban City boat leaves on Monday at 1 pm for Tacloban via Catbalogan and on Friday for Tacloban direct. The time taken (direct) is 24 hours.

To LUBANG :
Air Pacific Airways has flights from Manila to Lubang daily and Aerolift has flights on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. The William Lines' MV Edward boat leaves Manila for Tilik on Friday at noon, taking seven hours. The Asuncion Shipping Lines' MV Asuncion X boat leaves Manila for Tilik on Saturday at 10 pm, taking eight hours, and their MV Catalyn A boat leaves Manila for Tilik on Tuesday at 10 pm, taking eight hours.

To MARINDUQUE:
PAL has daily flights from Manila to Marinduque. There is one ship a day from Lucena to Balanacan. Departure time varies as it is dependent upon the tides, but is usually around 10 am. Passengers are taken by outrigger boats out to the ship, which is anchored off the coast. The trip takes four hours. There is a BLTB bus from Manila to Lucena which goes directly to the wharf. BLTB (Tel: 833550) can give you the departure time of the bus and probably the sailing time of the ship as well.

There is also one ship a day from Lucena to Buyabod, the port for Santa Cruz, which takes five hours. The situation about sailing times is the same as for the ship going to Balanacan.

To MASBATE:
PAL has daily flights from Manila to Masbate and from Legaspi to Masbate on
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

The Sulpicio Lines' MV Cebu Princess boat leaves Manila for Masbate at 10 am on Friday. It takes 17 hours. The William Lines' MV Cebu City boat leaves Manila for Masbate on Saturday at midnight, taking 16 hours.

From Bulan there is one boat daily leaving at noon and taking four hours. There may possibly be a second boat.

To MINDANAO:
From Manila, PAL has daily flights to Cagayan de Oro, Cotabato, Davao and Zamboanga, and flights on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday to Butuan.

AeVolift has daily flights from Manila to Dipolog, flights on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday to Surigao and flights on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday to Iligan.

Air-con Philtranco buses run daily from Manila to Davao, leaving at 7 am and 5 pm. Travelling time including the ferry from Matnog to San Isidro and from Liloan to Surigao is 45 hours. It is possible to pick up the bus on the way at Legaspi, for example, at 3 am or 5 pm—if seats are available (but they seldom are).

To NEGROS:
PAL has daily flights from Manila to Bacolod and Dumaguete. There are three Negros navigation lines ships each week from Manila to Bacolod. The MV Don Claudio boat sails on Sunday at 9 am, taking 24 hours. The MV Don Julio boat leaves on Tuesday at 10 am, taking 21 hours. The MV Santa Maria leaves on Friday at 2 pm and takes 28 hours, going via Roxas on Panay.From Manila to Dumaguete, the Sulpicio Lines' MV Dipolog Princess sails on Wednesday at midnight and takes 30 hours; the William Lines' MV Misamis Occidental goes on Friday at 9 am, also taking 30 hours.

To MINDORO:
Pacific Airways has daily flights from Manila to Calapan. PAL has daily flights from Manila to Mamburao and San Jose.A thorough trip from Manila to Puerto Galera starts from the Sundowner Hotel in Mabini St, Ermita, daily at 9 am. The air-con bus goes to Batangas to the MB Sikat II which leaves at noon and arrives in Puerto Galera at 2.30 pm. Bookings and tickets (P 180) are arranged at the Sundowner Hotel. Buses from Manila to Batangas leave the Lawton and BLTB bus terminals regularly.Two boats go daily from Batangas to Calapan, at 5 pm and 6 pm, taking three hours. You can catch a jeepney from Calapan to Puerto Galera the next morning, taking two hours.

Manila Tours

For a quick and cheap overview of Manila one can organise something for oneself. One can travel in the air-con Love Buses goine in all possible directions within the city; from M H del Pilar Street in Ermita, past Ayala Museum to the Makati Commercial Centre termenies. There is another Love Bus from the Commercial Centre to Cubao in Quezon City. From the Araneta Centre in Cubao one can take another Love Bus upto Quiapo Church, past numerous ministries and offices. There is yet atiother suggested tour: using a variety of public transport to go through Tondo, Binodo and Chinatown.

Tuesday, October 24, 2006

Transport in Manila

Bus


Around Manila, city buses only display their final destination on the sign board, in the front, which can be a large complex like the NAIA, a street name like Ayala (for Ayala Ave in Makati) or a whole suburb like Quiapo (north of Pasig River). The fare is 75 centavos for the first four km and 25 centavos for every km after that. At the end of Rizal Ave Extension there is a statue of Andres Bonifacio, known as the Monumento, a very popular destination and stop for jeepneys and buses. The air-con Love Buses are very popular in Manila. They are blue with red hearts. They operate on several main routes and charge a flat rate of P 8.50. Have small change at hand as bus drivers usually cannot change large notes. The Escolta-Ayala/Medical Centre bus is a useful one for tourists. The Love Bus goes from the Calle Escolta (Binondo/Santa Cruz) through Ermita (M H del Pilar St) to Makati (the embassies) and the Makati Commercial Centre. It returns through Mabini St. in Ermita. There are no fixed stops on the way. One must not throw the ticket away, as there are frequent inspections.



Train


The Metro Rail LRT (Light Rail Transit) is an overhead railway which runs on concrete pylons several metres high, linking the suburbs of Caloocan City and Pasay City. The line runs from North Terminal (Monumento) in Caloocan City, over Rizal Ave to Central Terminal near the Manila City Hall and on over Taft Ave to South Terminal in Baclaran, Pasay City. The fare is a flat rate of P 3.50, irrespective of the number of stations you travel to. Instead of tickets, one has to buy tokens that open the barriers to the platforms. Smoking, eating and drinking are all forbidden both on the platforms and in the trains. Bulky objects which may cause obstruction is not allowed.


The Metro Rail LRT (Light Rail Transit) is an overhead railway which runs on concrete pylons several metres high, linking the suburbs of Caloocan City and Pasay City. The line runs from North Terminal (Monumento) in Caloocan City, over Rizal Ave to Central Terminal near the Manila City Hall and on over Taft Ave to South Terminal in Baclaran, Pasay City. The fare is a flat rate of P 3.50, irrespective of the number of stations you travel to. Instead of tickets, one has to buy tokens that open the barriers to the platforms. Smoking, eating and drinking are all forbidden both on the platforms and in the trains. Bulky objects which may cause obstruction is not allowed.


Taxi


One must always have some change ready when boarding a taxi in Manila, as there's no guarantee that the driver will have any. The flag-down charge is P 2.50 after which it is P 1 for the first 500 metres and PI for each subsequent 250 metres.


Jeepney


One needs to get to know Manila a bit before one can travel through the city by jeepney without problems. Crowding and the limited view make it hard to see where you are going, so a seat by the driver is desirable. Jeepney routes are fixed. Their main streets and stops are shown on the side of the vehicle and mostly on the windscreen as well. For example, jeepneys with the sign Baclaran, Harrison, Santa Cruz, Rizal, Monumento will go from Baclaran in Pasay City through Harrison St. to Harrison Plaza, then down Mabini St, back down M H del Pilar St—both one-way streets—past the City Hall (Lawton), to the suburb of Santa Cruz, then down Rizal Ave and Rizal Ave Extension to Monumento in Caloocan City.


Jeepneys on the north-south route are almost always marked Baclaran or Libertad to show the southern end of their route, both in Pasay City. The northern end could be Monumento (Caloocan City, at the end of the Rizal Ave Extension); Blumentritt (a street in northern Santa Cruz, by the Chinese Hospital and near the Chinese Cemetery); or Divisoria (the Divisoria Market in the suburb of San Nicolas). Jeepneys in Ermita run along M H del Pilar St and Mabini St (those marked Harrison) or Taft Ave (those marked Taft). Jeepneys whose north-eastern destination is shown as 'Project 2', 'Project 3' or 'Project 4' are going to Cubao, while those marked 'Project 6' and 'Project 8' are heading for Quezon City. The fare is 75 centavos for the first four km; most charge P 1.


Self Driving


Traffic in Manila is chaotic and noisy, especially to someone who is used to fairly strict traffic control. There are few bus stops and these are not always used. Buses and jeepneys stop wherever they see a fare to pick up and then taxis of various companies try to get in ahead of them. Horns and hand signals are used most often, brake lights and blinkers rarely, and traffic-lane markings seem to be thought a waste of paints. However, the Filipinos are used to these conditions and there are few accidents— the battered vehicles usually last longer than their appearance would lead you to believe. If one wants a cheap and pleasant form of inner-city public transport, try the Metro rail.


Tours


For a quick and cheap overview of Manila one can organise something for oneself.

One can travel in the air-con Love Buses going in all possible directions within the city; from M H del Pilar Street in Ermita, past Ayala Museum to the Makati Commercial Centre termenies. There is another Love Bus from the Commercial Centre to Cubao in Quezon City. From the Araneta Centre inCubao one can take another Love Bus upto Quiapo Church, past numerous ministries and offices.There is yet another suggested tour: using a variety of public transport to go through Tondo, Binodo and Chinatown.

Philippines Festivals - Festivals in Philippines

Religion governs most of Singapore's traditional festivals, which are as varied as the multicultural origins of its people. Some festivals are unique to Singapore and Malaysia, while other celebrations, which are also celebrated in Asian countries where they originated, have changed beyond recognition. Most festivals have shed their religious garb to do a secular carnival appearance. The festivals are listed here in the order in which they come depending on the year.

NEW YEAR'S DAY (January)

Most hotels and restaurants and night clubs hold elaborate New Year's Eve dinners with live entertainment. The first of January is a public holiday and offers good opportunity to sleep off the festivities of the night before. The New Year's show produced by the local television is fun too.

PONGAL (January)

The winter harvest festival on Pongal is celebrated in the state of Tamil Nadu in India, on the first day of the month of Thai. This festival falls usually around mid-January, marking the end of the rains and the onset of spring. On Bogh the day before Pongal, bonfires are set up and old clothes and old clay cooking pots are burned in it. On the actual day, people wear new clothes and decorate their homes with strings of fresh mango leaves and decorative patterns or kolam on their doorsteps.

The Pongal, (a dish prepared from newly gathered rice cooked with cashew nuts, butter, peas, milk and raisins) is cooked on this day in a new pot over a stove built over a Kolam with a sun sign. The Pongal is allowed to boil over signifying abundance in the forthcoming year. In Singapore, throngs of Tamilians are seen around the Perumal Temple in Serangoon Road.

KITE FESTIVAL (January)

Organised by the Singapore Kite Association it is held annually in January. The
location is not fixed, it varies year to year.

THAI PUSAM (January)

This is a Hindu Festival, celebrated by the Tamils in honour of Lord Subramanium or Murugan. Men wearing huge steel arches orKavadi, adorned with peacock feathers and flowers, and taking part in a number of penintence ceremonies, walk in a procession from the Sri Perumal Temple to the Chettiar Tank Road Temple. Families gather for special meals and it is customary for older people to give money in bright red packets called hongbao to children. The red colour signifies luck for both the giver and the receiver.

Preparations for the festival begin one month in advance. Chinatown shops bear a festive look. Waxed duck, sausages and other seasonal delicacies such as mandarin oranges, potted chrysanthemums, melon seeds and sweets are some of the traditional purchases. Besides the fun and frolic, this is also the time to settle debts and paying of bills and spring cleaning as it is considered bad luck to enter the new year with something hanging over from the old.


CHINESE NEW YEAR (January /February)

This is the most important time in the year and is a two-day public holiday. Origin of this festival dates back to a legend about a village where the mysterious disappearance of people became a cause for serious concern. It was believed that these disappearance were connected with a monster whose movements were dictated by the lunar cycles. Houses were lit up and various objects painted red were hung outside the house to ward off the monster. According to the legend this trick worked and no-one disappeared. The villagers celebrated and prayed and this practice continues to date.

The Chinese New Year is mainly a family reunion occasion. The two-day holiday culminates with iheChingay parade which takes place at Orchand Road. This is a spectacular parade which includes, a vintage car procession, Malay, Indian, Filipino and Morris dancesH nursery rhymes and cartoon characters in choreographed movements, demonstrations by German shepherd dogs, stilt walkers, lion and dragon dancers, flag-dancers, acrobats and a flotilla of decorated floats wending its way through the city.

This parade is held on the first Sunday after the Chinese New Year's Day.

MONKEY GOD'S FEAST

A huge rock atop the Huo Guoshan mountain, is believed to have given birth to a stone, which the wind transformed into a stone monkey. This monkey is believed to have come to life and eventually became the king of monkeys. The Monkey God is renowned for his bravery in protecting his master, a pilgrim monk, sent by the Tang dynasty emperor to collect Buddhist sutras from India. The feast of the Monkey God who is believed to assume 72 different forms and to cure the sick is held twice a year at the Monkey God Temple in Eng Hoon Street near SengPoh Market Later there is a dramatic procession of people who slash themselves, as if possessed, with blades and distribute paper charms.

QING MING (April)

It is the Chinese equivalent of All Soul's Day, celebrated by the filial in honour of their ancestors. It is a family event, where the entire family visits the cemetery, cleans the ancestral graves, and offers food and joss sticks at the graveside.

SONGKRAN (April)

This Thai festival celebrated around 13th-15th April, involves bathing of religious icons and having a good time throwing water at each other.In Singapore this Thai New Year festival has been adopted by the Big Splash Aquatic Sports Complex located at East Coast Park.

BIRTHDAY OF THE THIRD PRINCE (April)

Nezha's birthday is celebrated on the eighth and ninth of the fourth moon. This child deity, depicted to be bearing a magic bracelet and sword with wind and fire wheels at his feet, has a temple dedicated to him near the junction of Clarke street and North Boat Quay.

Legend recounts that, before he was born, Nezha's mother had a premonition that she would bear the son of a unicorn. The third prince grew to be 6 ft. tall at the age of seven itself. It is believed that he accidently killed the Dragon King's son, and in order to save his parents from the wrath of the king, he gave himself up to him, and stripped his flesh to bone in penitence. However, the Dragon King recreated him from the leaves of the lotus and the stalks of the water lily, taught him martial arts and equipped him with the wheels of wind and fire.

RAMADAN (April)

The fasting month of Ramadan is also the feasting month. Muslims abstain from food and drink between dawn and dusk throughout the month. Stalls are set up near mosques around Bussorah street near the Sultan Mosque, to sell cooked food for breaking of the fast. These provide an excellent opportunity to try out Malay delicacies. Communal meals of rice porridge called bubur kambul are also offered free at the mosques. This period culminates in theHari Raya.

INDEPENDANCE DAY (12th June)

A national holiday, displaying age old military celebrated with military equipment and regalia, parades and processions.

FEAST OF SAN JUAN BAUTISTA (24th June)

In San Juan, Manila, the deeds of the Baptist St John are re-enacted. Water is thrown about at each other and even at passing traffic. The focus of attention on this day is a Suckling Pig Parade.

PAGODASAWAWA (1st Sunday in July)

A river procession carrying the Holy Cross of Wawa in the pagoda boat is the highlight of the festival. The boat travels from around Bocaue, 30 km north of Manila.

PATEROS RIVER FIESTA (29th July)

Pateros, a suburb of Manila, is a centre of duck breeding. The fiesta is in memory of the killing of a legendry crocodile that threatened the existence of the balut (duck) suppliers.

MASSKARA FESTIVAL (19th October)

The largest of the Negro festivals, it is marked by street dances masquarades etc.

UNDAS (ALL SAINT'S DAY) (1st November)

Families get together at the cemetary, offering prayers, candles, flowers and incense
sticks for the peace of their ancestors. It is a national holiday.

BONIFACIO DAY (30th November)

A national holiday in tribute to Filipino war heroes, more specifically Andres Bonifacio, who headed the Katipunam revolutionary movement against the Spanish.

FEAST OF OUR LADY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION (8th December)

The whole day long of feasting culminates in a boat procession held at night on the waters of Malabon, northwest of Metro Manila.

SIMBANG GABI (16th-25th December)

Come November, the singing of Christmas carols, commences all over the country, however, officially the Christmas season begins on 16th December. Filipinos go to night masses called simbang gabi, as per traditions.

CHRISTMAS (25th December)

Awaited with great excitement by Christians all over the world, Christmas is more of a family scene festival here. There are elaborate family reunion, dinners and exchanging of gifts.

HOLY INNOCENTS' DAY (28th December)

Some what similar to the April Fool's Day in the west, the Filipinos try to pull a trick on one another on this day.

RIZAL DAY (30th December)

It is a national holiday marked with street parades in honour of Dr Jose Rizal, the national hero, who on this day in 1896 was executed by the Spaniards. National flags are lowered to half mast on this day, as a mark of respect.

History Of Singapore (7th-14th Century)

The Vietnamese historical anfe Sach-ma-tich belonging to the 14th century, offer documentary proof of Temasek, the ancient name for Singapore. The ancient settlement is also mentioned in a Javanese court poem.

Temasek or Sea Town was the focal point of the ancient Hindu Empire of Sri Vijayan. By the 13th century it became one of the empire's three kingdoms. Legend recounts that it was named Singa Pura or Lion City when a visiting prince, Sang Nila Utama, saw a lion (probably a native tiger). Meanwhile, the empires of Java and Siam struggled for regional dominance with the Chinese fleet under Admiral "Cheng Ho. Through the next few centuries the Dutch, the Portuguese and the British sailed past with no interest in this area. Later in 1811, Malays from Johore led by the local chief called temenggong, settled at the mouth of the Singapore River.

Coming of the British

The British East India Company by this time felt the need of a south-east Asian trading post. Thus the small fishing village of Singapore with its natural harbour and strategic location was considered an ideal site. When Raffles first arrived, the Sultan recognised by the Dutch, held court at Linga. This, however, did not stop Raffles who made a deal with the temenggong or Sealord and installed the Sultan's elder brother, Hussein, a rival claimant to the throne. Despite the protest of the Dutch, Raffles went ahead and signed an agreement with the temenggong and the newly created Sultan Hussein on 6th February 1819, under which the East India Company was allowed to set-up a trading station in Singapore. The temenggong looked on the arrival of the English as a chance to revive his own empire under their protection. Unhappily for him, his aspirations were not shared by the colonisers. His expenditure was much more than his resources, thus in effect, he signed away to the East India Company all rights to Singapore and islands within ten miles of its shores. Although Raffles spent only nine months in Singapore, he laid the principles for the city's development as a free port, and by 1824, the population had risen to 10,000, with many immigrants, such as the Chinese and Malay from Riau and Malacca, the Balinese, Bugis and the Javanese. Indians were among the first immigrants to the new settlements. They arrived with Raffles and settled here.

Raffles died in 1826, the year Singapore became part of the Straits settlement, together with the older settled area of Penang and Malacca. By 1832, Singapore became the centre of government for the straits settlements. In 1869, the advent of the steamship and opening of the Suez Canal, allowed Singapore to make the most' of its strategic position and natural harbour. Meanwhile, the stream of Chinese immigrants to Singapore continued.

The War & Its Aftermath

Despite its so called impregnability, Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15th of February 1942, the eve of the Chinese New Year. Thus the myth of western colonial power was shattered. The Japanese occupation lasted until September 1945. During this period Singapore faced a reign of terror under the Kempeita or secret police of the Japanese.

With the surrender of the Japanese to the Allied forces on 21st August 1945, once again Britain ruled Singapore. It became a separate Crown Colony on 1st April 1946, under a British Governor. The gradual growth of national identity finally led to self-government in 1959, headed byLeeKuan Yew, a Cambridge educated lawyer. He became the country's first prime minister. In the year 1963, Singapore merged into a new federation of Malaysia with its northern neighbour Malaya and the states of Sabah and Sarawak. But Singapore's involvement was short-lived and in 1965 it became an independent republic.

On Its Own


Singapore started afresh and was on its own on 9th August 1965. It then began to relentlessly pursue the goal of tackling severe unemployment, housing problem and to provide basic education to the whole population. In the years since independance the Republic has undergone rapid growth astonishingly. Today its airport is voted as the best in the world. It is one of the world's major oil refining and distribution centres, a major supplier of electronic components and Asias most important centre for tourism, trade and finance.

Language And Religion Of Manila

Immigration of alien people and the structure of the country i.e. an archipelago of 7107 islands, have resulted in a multiplicity of languages, linguistic groups and hence spoken dialects. Today about 80 significantly different dialects are spoken.

Broadly speaking there are 11 cultural and racial groups each with its own language. The major linguistic group is Tagalog, on which is based te national language, Filipino. Other prominent ones are Ilocano, Cebuano, Hiligay-non, Bicolano, Waray, Pam-pango and Pangasinese.

English is widely used in government offices and private business and is also taught in schools. Spanish, Arabic and Chinese are spoken by a minority of the population.

With over 90% of its population claiming to be Christians, Philippines is the only Christian country in Asia. Muslims constituting a majority of the minority religious groups make up for 8% and are concentrated around the islands of Mindanao and Sulu.

More than 80% of the Christians are Roman Catholics. However, about 4% of the Filipinos belong to the Philippine Independant Church, founded by Gregorio Agliplay. The Protestants i.e. the Iglesia ni Kristo community are about 4% while the Baptists, Methodist, Mormons, Jehovah's, etc. constitute another 2%.

There is no marked wet or dry season, as rain falls throughout the year. The showers are brief, heavy and refreshing. However, owing to the north-east monsoon, there is more rain from November to January than the rest of the year.

People Of Manila

Today there are about 63 million Filipinos of which 2 million live in Manila, but including the suburbs such as Quezon, Caloucan and Pasay, the population of Metro Manila is o/er 8 million. The Filipinos are basically of Malayan descent with Chinese and Spanish ancesteries. Some 60 odd minority groups collectively comprise 12% of the total population. Most of these ethnological groups are distributed around North Luzon, Mindoro and Western Mindanao and Sulu Islands. Phillippines is a young nation, 53% of its population are under 20 years of age, while those above 65 years constitute only 7%.

Manila - A Tourist Destination

Premier gateway to the many islands and tourist destinations of the archipelago, Manila has derived its name from two native words may nilad meaning there is a mangrove. Later under the Spanish domination it came to be known as Isigney Siempre Leal Ciudad meaning loyal city. Despite its charm, this name was unsuccessful in replacing the name Maynilad.Manila is a picture of contrasts, with horse drawn carriages clip-clopping their way amid rumbling buses and sleek automobiles. Remnant neo-classical and colonial style architectural wonders coexist with high rising glass and concrete towers. Haggling vendors on the sidewalks add to the bustle and gaiety of the plush shopping complexes. The city has a host of attractions, each vying for the attention of the tourist. Malls, flea markets, antique shops complimented with sidewalk eateries entice one and all. The cozy bars and mystic discotheques of Manila holds special interest for those seeking night entertainment. For the culture buff there are several churches, monuments, museums and theaters, each one unique and more intriguing than the other. Last but not least are the exotic green lungs and resorts of the city offering welcome respite and outdoor recreation.